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doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.001
MEMS壁面剪切应力传感器研究进展
雷 强1， 高 杨2，3， 王 雄4
（1. 西南科技大学信息工程学院，四川 绵阳 621010； 2. 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所，四川 绵阳 621999；
3. 核探测与核电子学国家重点实验室（中国科学院高能物理研究所），北京100049；
4. 中国空气动力研究与发展中心，四川 绵阳 621000）
摘 要：壁面剪切应力的时间特性是用于反映单个动量运输过程中非稳态结构的一个测量参数，也是湍流中相干位点的一个表征方法，是一个重要的壁面湍流的物理量。目前，主要基于近壁或壁面处的平均速度梯度和换热率与壁面切应力成正比的基础上对MEMS壁面剪切应力开展研究。因此，对MEMS壁面剪切应力传感器进行综述。根据不同的测量方式，MEMS剪切应力传感器主要分为直接测量和间接测量两种类型。对每种测量方法的原理、研究现状、优点和限制进行分析。MEMS技术使得剪切应力传感器取得显著的进步，提高空间和时间分辨率，以及测量结果的准确度。但MEMS剪切应力传感器还需要进一步发展，并且量化测量中的不确定度，才能成为一种可靠的剪切应力测量技术。最后，对未来MEMS剪切应力传感器的发展方向进行总结。
关键词：MEMS；传感器；剪切应力；湍流测量
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0001-08
The development progress of MEMS wall shear stress sensors
LEI Qiang1， GAO Yang2，3， WANG Xiong4
（1. School of Information Engineering，Southwest University of Science and Technology，Mianyang 621010，China；
2. Institute of Electronic Engineering，China Academy of Engineering Physics，Mianyang 621999，China；
3. State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics，Institute of High Energy Physics，CAS，
Beijing 100049，China；
4. China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center，Mianyang 621000，China）
Abstract: Time characteristic of wall shear stress， not only a measurement parameter used to reflect unsteady structure during individual momentum transport in flow state， but also a characterization method of corresponding points in turbulence， is an important physical indicatorfor wall turbulence. At present， the research on MEMS wall shear stress is mainly based on the fact thatmean velocity gradient and heat transfer rate near the wall or on wall surface is proportional to the wall shear stress on wall surface. So this paper summarizes the MEMS wall shear stress sensor. MEMS shear stress sensors are divided into direct measurement and indirect measurement types according to the different ways of measurement. The principles， research status， advantages and limitations of each measurement method have also been analyzed. The wall shear stress sensors have made a significant progress via MEMS technology， which improved the spatial and temporal resolution. However， MEMS shear stress sensors need further development， and it's uncertainty should be quantified in order to become a reliable shear stress measurement technology. Finally， the future development directions of the MEMS shear stress sensors are summarized.
Keywords: MEMS； sensors； shear stress； tubulence measurement
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.002
基于多重非线性管-土耦合模型的管道应变设计方法
刘铭刚1，2， 杨秀娟1，2， 闫相祯1，2， 韩思旻1，2， 樊苏楠1，2
（1. 中国石油大学（华东）储运与建筑工程学院，山东 青岛266580；
2. 中国石油大学（华东）油气CAE技术研究中心，山东 青岛266580）
摘 要：基于应变的管道设计方法是利用位移控制思想实现管道的极限状态设计，是管道设计的发展方向。考虑材料非线性和载荷非线性建立管-土耦合模型进行基于应变的管道设计，以设计应变作为可靠度评价指标，建立埋地管道可靠度评价分析模型，通过对不同断层参数和管道参数的分析，得出定量的管道可靠度结果。结果表明：管道的轴向最大拉伸应变和轴向最大压缩应变随断层错距与土壤内摩擦角增大而增加；壁厚、径厚比、埋深对跨断层埋地管道极限应变状态影响很大，参数敏感性最大的是径厚比；敏感性分析的结果可以作为埋地管道完整性评价模型的状态变量。研究结果可为跨断层埋地管道完整性评价及管道安全测试方法提供思路参考。
关键词：工程力学；管土耦合模型；管道应变设计；完整性；埋地管道
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0009-06
Strain design analysis method of buried pipeline based on multiple
nonlinear pipe-soil coupling model
LIU Minggang1，2， YANG Xiujuan1，2， YAN Xiangzhen1，2， HAN Simin1，2， FAN Su’nan1，2
（1. College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering，China University of Petroleum，Qingdao 266580，China；
2. Oil and Gas CAE Technology Research Center，China University of Petroleum，Qingdao 266580，China）
Abstract: Strain analysis method for pipeline is a limit state design way base on displacement control theory which can be the new direction of pipeline design. Taking designed strain as reliability evaluation index and considering the material nonlinearity and load nonlinearity and different parameters of the fault and pipe， pipe-soil coupling model based on strained pipeline design is established and quantitative reliability result of pipeline is proposed. The result shows: The maximum axial tensile strain and compressive strain rises as the staggered distance and internal friction angle of soil grows; Wall thickness， radius to thickness ratio and buried depth of the pipe have great influence on the strain of buried pipeline at crossing-fault and the radius to thickness ratio has the greatest parameter sensitivity; The results of sensitivity analysis can be used as the state variables of the integrity assessment of pipeline. The studying conclusions can provide ideas and reference for the integrity assessment of crossing-fault buried pipeline.
Keywords: engineering mechanics； pipe-soil coupling model； pipeline strain design； integrity； buried pipe
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.003
基于S变换的铁磁材料缺陷定位
王长龙， 朱红运， 陈海龙， 王建斌
（军械工程学院无人机工程系，河北 石家庄 050003）
摘 要：采用磁记忆方法对铁磁材料进行缺陷检测时，为降低环境噪声及应力集中对检测的影响，提出一种基于S变换的缺陷定位方法。该方法首先将负熵作为评价指标，确定S变换矩阵中由噪声产生的行向量，而后通过将噪声行向量元素置零后经S逆变换得到降噪后的信号；其次定义瞬时能量函数，并通过分析信号的瞬时能量分布特征，实现铁磁材料缺陷的准确定位；最后通过对瞬时能量函数进行加窗处理，进一步抑制应力集中对检测的影响。将该方法应用于磁记忆信号降噪及缺陷定位实验，结果表明：该方法不仅可以有效降低噪声的干扰，而且可以抑制应力集中的影响，从而实现缺陷的准确定位。
关键词：金属磁记忆；缺陷定位；铁磁材料；S变换
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0015-05
Defect location of ferromagnetic materials based on S-transform
WANG Changlong， ZHU Hongyun， CHEN Hailong， WANG Jianbin
（Department of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Engineering，Ordnance Engineering College，
Shijiazhuang 050003，China）
Abstract: To reduce noise interference and inhibit the influence of stress concentration when the metal magnetic memory（MMM） was utilized to test defects of ferromagnetic material， the paper proposed an approach of defect location based on S-transform. Firstly， the negentropy was treated as the estimate criterion， and the rows of S-transform matrix generated by noise were confirmed， then the rows produced by noise were set to zeroes， and the denoised signal was obtained by S inverse transform. Then the transient energy function was defined， and the precise location of the defect was obtained by analyzing the transient energy of the signal. Finally， to inhibit the influence of stress concentration， the window function was proposed and it was used to produce the energy function. Experiment was performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach. The results indicate that the proposed approach not only can reduce the noise effectively but also inhibit the influence of stress concentration and locate defect accurately.
Keywords: metal magnetic memory； defect location； ferromagnetic materials； S-transform
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.004
一种基于图像的薄壁圆管拉扭应变测量方法
张伟列， 刘宇杰， 卢福聪， 孙轶君
（西南交通大学力学与工程学院，四川 成都 610031）
摘 要：针对在薄壁圆管试样拉扭多轴试验中因传统接触式拉扭引伸计量程较小且难以在刚度较小的试样上使用等问题，提出一种新的基于图像的单相机拉扭应变测量方法，在试样表面作4道标记线并使用相机记录试验过程中标记线的位置变化；然后利用Matlab软件进行图像处理和计算，通过研究图像上标记线与试样中轴线交点高度的改变，并结合标记线的斜率特征，实现试样表面的拉、扭应变测量。通过试验将该方法的结果与DIC的测量结果进行对比，两者的测量结果吻合较好，验证该方法的可靠性。与接触式引伸计相比，该方法测量范围大，可应用在低刚度试样上，且设备简单便携，易于应用。
关键词：拉扭应变测量；数字图像；标记线；单相机
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0020-04
A tensional-torsional strain measuring method for thin-walled tubular
specimens based on digital image
ZHANG Weilie， LIU Yujie， LU Fucong， SUN Yijun
（School of Mechanics and Engineering，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China）
Abstract: In tensional-torsional experiments with thin-walled tubular specimen， the conventional contact type extensometer has small measuring range and is hard to use for low stiffness specimen. A new method of tensional-torsional strain measurement based on digital image of signal camera was proposed for thin-walled tubular specimen of multi-axial experiment. Firstly， four tag lines were drawn on the surface of specimen. Then the changes in tag lines were recorded by digital camera during the experimental process. Finally， the digital images were processed by Matlab program. The tensional strain and torsional strain could be calculated by the gradients of the tag lines and the height changes in the intersection points between medial axis and tag lines. Additionally， the results of proposed method were compared with results of DIC method for the same tensional-torsional test. The axial strain and torsional strain agreed well between the two methods. This method is proved to be reliable. Compared with contact type extensometer， the new method has wide measuring range and is easy to use for low stiffness specimen. Furthermore， the equipment of this method is simple and portable， thus this method is convenient to apply.
Keywords: tensional-torsional strain measurement； digital image； tag line； single camera
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.005
天然气管道管弯曲试验代替压扁试验可行性研究
马 辉， 傅志强， 刘锡贝， 李学军
（天津出入境检验检疫局，天津 300201）
摘 要：天然气管道管检验项目中压扁和弯曲试验的选用因各标准体系间的差异存在一定分歧，所以依据压扁和弯曲的试验方法，利用ANSYS有限元模拟软件对钢管的压扁和弯曲试验分别进行模拟，实现对压扁和弯曲试验整个过程的直观分析。通过对比压扁和弯曲试样变形部位残余应力场的分布和变化，分析认为弯曲试验的塑性变形程度大于压扁试验，使钢管更难通过弯曲试验。所以，弯曲试验可以代替压扁试验用以评价钢管塑性变形的能力。最后比较模拟结果与实测试验结果，取得较好的一致性。
关键词：压扁试验；弯曲试验；模拟；应力
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0024-07
Feasibility study on gas pipeline bending test replacing flattening test
MA Hui， FU Zhiqiang， LIU Xibei， LI Xuejun
（Tianjin Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau，Tianjin 300201，China）
Abstract: Divergence exists in choosing flattening or bending tests in natural gas pipeline test projects because of their respective standard systems. Visual analysis of the whole process is realized by ANSYS finite element simulation software stimulations on the basis of flattening and bending test methods. The distribution and changes of residual stress field of deformation parts in flattening and bending tests are compared. Analysis suggests that the plastic deformation degree of bending test is greater than that of flattening test， making it harder for steel pipes to pass through. Therefore， bending test can be used in place of flattening test for evaluating the plastic deformation ability of steel pipes. In the end， good consistency is seen in the comparison between simulation and actual measurement test results.
Keywords: flattening test； bending test； simulation； stress
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.006
线缆测试仪开关矩阵检测方法研究
何洪波， 叶峻江， 李春龙
（广东省计量科学研究院东莞计量院，广东 东莞 523330）
摘 要：为满足对线缆测试仪的开关矩阵及所有测试接点进行检查的要求，研究采用印刷电路板模拟线缆及线束对线缆测试仪开关矩阵及所有测试接点进行检测的方法。针对线缆测试仪的测试功能特点，分别研究短路、导通、绝缘及电容测试板原理、元器件选型和制作方法，通过大量试验证明这些方法的检测速度快速有效，可以满足开关矩阵检查的要求。
关键词：校准；测试板；开关矩阵；线缆测试仪
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0031-04
Research on cable tester switch matrix detection method
HE Hongbo， YE Junjiang， LI Chunlong
（Dongguan Institute of Guangdong Institute of Metrology，Dongguan 523330，China）
Abstract: In order to satisfy the inspection requirements on the switch matrixes and all the test points of cable testers, printed circuit boards were adopted to simulate cables and wires to detect the cable tester switch matrixes and all the test points. The short circuit, conduction, insulation and capacitance test board principle, component selection and production method were studied respectively according to the testing functions and features of the cable tester. A large number of tests have demonstrated that these methods are rapid and efficient in defection, and can meet the inspection requirements of switch matrixes.
Keywords: calibration； test board； switch matrix； cable tester
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.007
系统组织工程技术优化的正丁胺含量离子色谱检测
谢红英1， 雍智全2， 王梦丽1， 冯亚男1， 孙嘉茵1， 李宇茜1， 徐小平1
（1. 四川大学华西药学院，四川 成都 610041； 2. 东莞达信生物科技有限公司，广东 东莞 523808）
摘 要：该文采用系统组织工程技术（ZTSO）快速优化并建立正丁胺含量测定的离子色谱法。选用AcelaimTM TrinityTM P1（3.0 mm×100 mm，3 μm）为色谱柱，18 mmol/L乙酸铵（用乙酸调pH 3.4）∶乙腈（56∶44，ν∶ν）为淋洗液，在柱温37 ℃， 流量0.15 mL/min的条件下等度洗脱，电导检测器检测，20 min内完成正丁胺的含量测定。结果表明：正丁胺质量浓度在10.01~500.5 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好（r2=0.999 8），检测限为5.05 μg/mL（S/N≥3），定量限为10.01 μg/mL（S/N≥10），日内和日间精密度分为0.33%和0.90%，正丁胺供试品溶液在24 h内稳定（RSD=0.54%），3批正丁胺原料的平均含量为99.79%（RSD=0.125%），3批肿瘤血管抑制剂XY03中正丁胺的平均含量为20.32%（RSD=4.09%），热干燥时，XY03中铵盐的下降率与其溶解度呈正相关。ZTSO技术具有较好的条件优化功能，所建立的方法快速、简便和准确，是正丁胺或含正丁铵盐化合物含量测定的较好方法。
关键词：正丁胺；离子色谱法；含量测定；系统组织工程技术
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0035-04
Ion chromatography determination of n-butylamine content based on ZTSO optimization
XIE Hongying1， YONG Zhiquan2， WANG Mengli1， FENG Ya’nan1， SUN Jiayin1， LI Yuqian1， XU Xiaoping1
（1. West China School of Pharmacy，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610041，China；
2. Dongguan Daxin Biotech Co.，Ltd.，Dongguan 523808，China）
Abstract: Zhang’s technique system organization（ZTSO） has been rapidly optimized and ion chromatography determination of n-butylamine content has been established. AcelaimTM TrinityTM P1 （3.0 mm×100 mm，3 μm） was adopted as chromatographic column. The leacheate was 18 mmol/L ammonium acetate （adjust pH 3.4 by using acetic acid）-acetonitrile（56∶44，ν∶ν）， and the detector was conductivity detector. Under the condition of 37 ℃ column temperature and isocratic elution at a flow rate of 0.15 mL/min， the measurement of n-butylamine content could be done in 20 minutes. Show that there was a good linear relationship（r2=0.999 8） at range of the concentration of 10.01-500.5 μg/mL， the limit of detection is 5.05 μg/mL （S/N≥3）， the limit of quantization is 10.01 μg/mL（S/N≥10）， the intra-day and the inter-day precision were at 0.33% and 0.90% respectively， n-butylamine solution was stable（RSD=0.54%） in 24 hours. The average content of n-butylamine raw materials in three batches are 99.79% (RSD=0.125%)， the average n-butylamine content is 20.32% （RSD=4.09%） in three batches of tumor angiogenesis inhibitors XY03. When heat drying， the decrease rate of ammonium salt in XY03 was positively related to its solubility. ZTSO technology has good conditions for optimizing function. The method is rapid， simple and accurate， which is a better method for the assay of n-butylamine or containing the butyl ammonium of compounds.
Keywords: n-butylamine； ion chromatography； content assay； ZTSO
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.008
水环境样品中松节油保存条件的研究
张文斌1， 谭 丽2， 陈 烨2， 吕怡兵2
（1. 重庆市沙坪坝区环境监测站，重庆 400038； 2. 中国环境监测总站，北京 100012）
摘 要：我国现有标准中关于水中松节油的保存规定不尽相同，为此开展水环境样品中松节油的保存条件研究。采用吹扫捕集/气相色谱-质谱法探讨pH和保存时间对地表水、生活污水和工业废水中松节油测定的影响。结果表明，质子酸可与松节油发生反应，对测定结果产生负影响，因此用于松节油测定的样品需冷藏、不调pH保存，并在2 d内分析。
关键词：松节油；水样品；保存时间；吹扫捕集；气相色谱-质谱法
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0039-04
Research on preservation conditions of turpentine in water samples
ZHANG Wenbin1， TAN Li2， CHEN Ye2， L?譈 Yibing2
（1. Shapingba District Environmental Monitoring Center，Chongqing 400038，China；
2. China National Environmental Monitoring Center，Beijing 100012，China）
Abstract: In current prevailing national standard system， there are many different requirements for preservation conditions of turpentine in water samples. This article studies how pH and preservation time affect turpentine in surface water， domestic sewage and industrial effluents based on purge and trap method combining with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry（GC/MS）. The study concludes that the acid reacts to turpentine， resulting in low measurement of turpentine. Therefore， the water sample for determining turpentine should be analyzed in the frozen condition within 2 days without adjusting pH.
Keywords: turpentine； water sample； preservation time； purge and trap； GC/MS
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.009
氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定血清中硒含量研究
陈晓霞， 赵 叶
（河北科技大学 河北省分析测试研究中心，河北 石家庄 050018）
摘 要：采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定血清中的硒含量。通过实验确定介质酸浓盐酸溶液的最适宜体积分数为10%，还原剂硼氢化钾溶液的最适宜质量分数为1.5%。采用干法消解、湿法消解、微波消解对样品进行前处理，研究不同的消解方法对硒含量测定的影响，实验结果表明：微波消解法优于其他两种方法，具有污染小、时间短、准确度高的优点。该方法的检出限为0.004 μg/L，标准偏差为2.88%，加标回收率在94.5%～102.5%之间。微波消解-原子荧光光谱法可以快速测定大批量血清样品，缩短工时、提高效率，适用于临床检测。
关键词：硒；微波消解；氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法；血清
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0043-04
Determination of selenium in serum by HG-AFS
CHEN Xiaoxia， ZHAO Ye
（Hebei Research Center of Analytical & Testing，Hebei University of Scinece and Technology，
Shijiazhuang 050018，China）
Abstract: Hydride-generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry（HG-AFS）was used to detect selenium in serum. 10%（ν/ν） HCl was the best solvent for acidic medium， and 1.5%（m/m） KBH4 was the best solvent for the reducing agent. Three different pretreatment methods including dry ashing， electricity-plate digestion and microwave digestion were adopted for digesting the serum. The results showed that the microwave digestion was superior to others for its low pollution， short digestion times and high accuracy. The detection limit was 0.004 μg/L. The RSD was 2.88%. The recovery rate of Se was between 94.5% and 102.5%. The Se in serum can be detected by microwave digestion-atomic fluorescence spectrometry precisely and quickly. Thus it has significant influence on clinical application.
Keywords: selenium； microwave digestion； hydride-generation atomic fluorescence serum spectrometry； serum
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.010
Pyrrosia petiolosa内生细菌筛选及其抑菌活性物质分析
杨小帆， 宋丽菊， 齐盼盼， 吴道艳， 闵 霞， 李彩云， 彭静珊，赵 建
（四川大学生命科学学院资源微生物及微生物生物技术重点实验室，四川 成都 610064）
摘 要：为探究Pyrrosia petiolosa内生细菌的抑菌活性，采用植物组织分离和微生物传统培养法从其根、茎、叶共分离检测到内生细菌14株。通过滤纸片抑菌法筛选两株有显著抑菌活性的内生细菌G7、Y12，并借助GC-MS技术对这两株内生细菌进行抑菌活性成分检测与分析。研究表明：两株内生细菌经16S rDNA测序比对分别鉴定为Lysinibacillus sphaericus C3-41和Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42。生长曲线测定结果显示菌株G7、Y12分别在16 h和12 h后进入稳定期。GC-MS检测鉴定到两株内生细菌发酵上清抑菌活性物质主要是有机酸类和2，5-二酮哌嗪衍生物。该研究可为挖掘P. petiolosa内生细菌药物活性、筛选抗菌药物新来源提供参考。
关键词：有柄石韦；内生细菌；抑菌活性；GC-MS检测；代谢产物
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0047-06
Screening of endophytic bacteria in Pyrrosia petiolosa and analysis of its
antimicrobial active ingredients
YANG Xiaofan， SONG Liju， QI Panpan， WU Daoyan， MIN Xia, LI Caiyun， PENG Jingshan， ZHAO Jian
（Key Laboratory of Microbiological Resource and Technology，College of Life Sciences，Sichuan University，
Chengdu 610064，China）
Abstract: In order to study antimicrobial activity of endophytic bacteria in Pyrrosia petiolosa， plant tissue separation and traditional microbial culture methods were employed， by which fourteen bacteria strains were isolated from the roots， stems and leaves of P. petiolosa. Endophytic bacteria G7 and Y12 were screened out due to their significant antimicrobial activity through filter paper bacteriostatic method. The antimicrobial active ingredients were detected and analyzed by GC-MS technology. Strains G7 and Y12 were identified as Lysinibacillus sphaericus C3-41 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 respectively according to the 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Growth curves of strains G7 and Y12 showed that the stationary phase begins after 16h and 12h， respectively. The antimicrobial active materials mainly consisted of organic acids and 2， 5-piperazinedione derivative through GC-MS detection. The study laid an research foundation for discovering the pharmaceutical activity of endophytic bacteria in P. petiolosa and screening a new source of antimicrobial agents.
Keywords: P. petiolosa； endophytic bacteria； antimicrobial activity； GC-MS analysis； metabolites
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.011
还原降解、肿瘤靶向的智能型超支化聚酰胺
药物载体制备研究
王 杨， 顾 准， 徐 琼
（苏州健雄职业技术学院生物与化学工程系，江苏 太仓 215411）
摘 要：从理想药物载体的设计角度出发，通过引入功能性单体，采用迈克尔加成聚合法以及材料表面改性的方法构建还原降解、肿瘤靶向的智能型聚合物纳米载体。首先，以N，N′-双(丙烯酰)胱胺和1-（2-胺乙基）哌嗪为单体聚合得到可还原降解的超支化聚酰胺胺（DHPAA）。在此基础上，通过接枝聚乙二醇和偶联叶酸得到稳定的、肿瘤靶向的智能型超支化聚酰胺胺（FA-DHPAP）。使用红外光谱、核磁共振、动态光散射（DLS）、Zeta电位仪、拉曼光谱和凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）对聚合物DHPAA结构和性能进行表征；使用核磁共振、动态光散射（DLS）、Zeta电位仪和透射电镜（TEM）对聚合物FA-DHPAP的结构和性能进行表征。通过细胞毒性实验对聚合物DHPAA和FA-DHPAP的生物相容性进行表征。结果表明：该智能型超支化聚酰胺胺（FA-DHPAP）能够响应环境、具有良好的生物相容性，因此作为药物载体在肿瘤治疗中具有较好的应用前景。
关键词：超支化聚酰胺胺；还原降解；肿瘤靶向；药物载体
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0053-06
Preparation of redox-degradable and tumor-targeted smart drug vehicle based on
hyperbranched polyamidoamine
WANG Yang， GU Zhun， XU Qiong
（Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering，Suzhou Chien-Shiung Institute of Technology，
Taicang 215411，China）
Abstract: Starting from the design of an ideal drug carrier， smart redox-degradable and tumor-targeted polymeric nanocarrier was fabricated by introducing functional monomers and using Michael addition polymerization and material surface modification. Firstly， redox-degradable hyperbranched polyamidoamine（DHPAA） was prepared by Michael addition polymerization taking N，N′-bis（acryloyl） cystamine and 1-（2-aminoethyl） piperazine as functional monomer. On this basis， graft copolymerization of polyethylene glycol and conjugation of folic acid were conducted on DHPAA to obtain stable and tumor-targeted smart hyperbranched polyamidoamine（FA-DHPAP）. The structure and performance of polymer DHPAA were characterized by FTIR， NMR， DLS， Zeta potentiometer， Raman spectrometer and GPC. The structure and performance of polymer FA-DHPAP were characterized by NMR， DLS， Zeta potentiometer and TEM. The biocompatibility of the polymer DHPAA and FA-DHPAP as drug carrier was further confirmed by cytotoxicity test. The results showed that the smart hyperbranched polyamidoamine（FA-DHPAP） is environment-responsive and has good biocompatibility， thus it has great potential to be used as drug carrier for the tumor therapy.
Keywords: hyperbranched polyamidoamine； redox-degradable； tumor-targeted； drug vehicle
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.012
LPG储配库气体微泄漏超前预报系统
周 智1， 郝孝伟1， 范广文2，3， 刘新宇3， 贾正旺3， 金小青3， 杨炳雄4
（1. 大连理工大学智能结构系统研究所,辽宁 大连 116024； 2. 西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院，四川 成都 610500；
3. 中石油昆仑燃气有限公司华北气分公司，北京 101300； 4. 大连兰特科技有限公司，辽宁 大连 116021）
摘 要：液化石油气（liquefied petroleum gas，LPG）储运过程泄漏导致的安全问题一直是人们关注的焦点，目前尚没有长期可靠的微泄漏监测手段。针对北京顺义LPG储配库的丙烷泄漏安全监测问题，研制开发一套基于高性能激光气体传感器的LPG微泄漏超前预报系统。在介绍红外激光测试气体浓度原理的基础上，对该系统以标准浓度气体试样为参考，进行性能测试试验。试验结果表明：该系统的误差＜6%，响应时间≤2 s，距离覆盖达30 m，丙烷测试分辨率达到100 mg/L。将该系统应用到北京顺义LPG储配库，实现无线集成，监测结果符合实际泄漏情况。该系统具有良好的可靠性，可以实现免维护长期工作，具有良好的市场前景。
关键词：液化石油气；安全监测;激光气体传感器；微泄漏；超前预报系统
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0059-05
The micro-leakage advanced prediction system of gas detection for LPG
storage and distribution field
ZHOU Zhi1， HAO Xiaowei1， FAN Guangwen2，3， LIU Xinyu3， JIA Zhengwang3，
JIN Xiaoqing3， YANG Bingxiong4
（1. Institute of Smart Structures，Dalian University of Technology，Dalian 116024，China；
2. Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Institute，Southwest Petroleum University，Chengdu 610500，China；
3. Petro China KunLun Gas Company North China Branch，Beijing 101300，China；
4. Dalian Light M&C Technologies INC，Dalian 116021，China）
Abstract: The safety issues caused by LPG leaks in the process of storage and transportation have long been a focus of attention. However， there has been no reliable means of micro-leakage detection for a long time. For the safety detection of propane leak in LPG storage and distribution field in Shunyi， Beijing， a set of LPG micro-leakage forecast systems based on high-performance laser gas sensor is developed.Based on the introduction of the theory of gas concentration test by infrared laser， the performance test was carried out while taking the gas sample in standard concentration as a reference. Test results showed that the error rate of this system for detection can be lower than 6%， whose response time is less than 2 s. Meanwhile， its detection distance can reach 30 meters， and test resolution for propane of the system is 100 mg/L. This system is applied to the project of LPG storage and distribution field in Shunyi， Beijing， which has achieved wireless integration. The monitoring results are consistent with the case of leakage. The micro-leakage detection system is reliable and can operate for a long time without maintenance， hence has a good market outlook.
Keywords: liquefied petroleum gas（LPG）； safety detection； laser gas sensor； micro-leakage； advanced prediction system
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.013
高精密机床主轴回转误差在线测试系统
周继昆， 张 荣， 凌明祥， 张 毅
（中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所，四川 绵阳 621999）
摘 要：为实现对高精度机床主轴回转误差的在线实时测量，根据机床机械结构特点，采用标准球及外基准测量方法间接对机床主轴径向位移进行测量，并利用三点法误差分离算法将主轴圆度误差与回转误差分离，得到纯回转误差。依据所提出的测试方法，基于PXI总线数据采集技术建立测试系统硬件部分，并利用PXI外部时钟同步采集卡实现主轴径向位移信息的等角度同步采样；在LabVIEW开发环境下，开发在线测试软件，对回转误差进行在线分离。利用该系统对某机床进行在线测试，测试结果表明，测试系统可以在线将机床主轴纯回转误差从径向位移信息中分离出来，并达到较高的测试准确度。
关键词：精密机床；主轴回转误差；在线测试；三点法；标准球；外基准测量
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0064-04
Spindle rotary error online test system of high precision machine tool
ZHOU Jikun， ZHANG Rong， LING Mingxiang， ZHANG Yi
（Institute of Systems Engineering，China Academy of Engineering Physics，Mianyang 621999，China）
Abstract: To realize real-time online measurement of spindle rotary error of high precision machine tool， based on the mechanical structure of machine tool， the standard ball and external reference measurement method was used to measure the radial displacement of the spindle indirectly and three-point method （error separation algorithm） was used to separate the spindle roundness error and rotary error so as to obtain the pure rotary error. According to the proposed test method， the hardware part of test system was created based on PXI bus data acquisition technology and the PXI external clock synchronization collection card was used to realize the equiangular and synchronous collection of spindle radial displacement information. Online test software was developed in LabVIEW development environment， with which the spindle rotary error can be separated on line. A machine tool was tested online with the developed test system and the test results showed that the developed test system can separate pure spindle rotary error from radial displacement information online with a high accuracy.
Keywords: precision machine tool； spindle rotary error； online test； three-point method； standard ball； external reference measurement
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.014
基于车载平台的人工辅助型照度检测车设计
万 泉1， 陈晓曼1， 胡苏军1， 刘桂雄2
（1. 广州质量监督检测研究院，广东 广州 511442； 2. 华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院，广东 广州 510640）
摘 要：发光二极管（light emitting diode，LED）路灯较传统路灯降低功耗的同时照度随之降低，若LED路灯质量不达标，则会进一步降低路面照度。为此研发基于车载平台的人工辅助型照度检测车设计，该系统检测流程根据国标制定，能实时准确采集路面水平面照度、移动距离，结合高性能中央处理器，具备传感数据采集、处理、存储、远程传输等功能。为实现直观监测，开发智能手机应用程序（application，APP）平台，远程无线监测传感数据。结果表明车载平台相比于传统人工检测节省66.67%时间，同时用平均照度相对误差低于1.81%，提高检测效率。
关键词：道路照度；车载平台；人工辅助；无线监测
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0068-06
Development of illumination detection car with artificial supplementary
based on vehicular platform
WAN Quan1， CHEN Xiaoman1， HU Sujun1， LIU Guixiong2
（1. Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute，Guangzhou 511442，China；
2. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering，South China University of Technology，
Guangzhou 510640，China）
Abstract: LED street lamp reduces power consumption and at the same time decreases intensity of illumination than traditional street lamp. If the quality of LED street lamp is below standard， it will further reduce the illumination of road surface which would result in increase of road traffic accident rate. This paper studies artificial auxiliary illumination detection car design based on vehicle platform which will improve the supervision and detection technology of LED lighting products. The testing process is according to the national standard. The system can collect road horizontal illumination and mobile distance real-time accurately.It has many functions of sensor data acquisition， processing， storage， remote transmission and other functions in combination with high performance CPU. To achieve direct monitoring， it should be developed into smart phone APPs to monitor sensor data remotely by wireless technologies. Compared with manual testing experiment， the results show that the system has the advantages of high efficiency， low cost and high precision.
Keywords: road lighting； vehicular platform； artificial supplementary； wireless monitoring
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.015
基于机器视觉的竹材尺寸测量系统设计
韩伟聪， 鲍光海
（福州大学电气工程与自动化学院，福建 福州 350108）
摘 要：为适应竹材加工过程的竹材剖分自动化需求，该文提出将机器视觉技术应用到竹材图像实时处理与显示中，并设计一种新的算法来测量竹材的尺寸参数。首先，针对采集图像存在的噪声，采用选择式掩模平滑法进行去噪并保护边缘信息；然后利用Sobel算子提取竹子的内外轮廓，通过二值化分割图像的目标和背景，并按照新的算法获取竹材尺寸大小；最后通过VC++编写的软件界面显示采集和处理后的图像及测量数据，并存储在数据库里。试验结果表明：软件设计采取的数字图像处理算法能有效滤除噪声，保留感兴趣的目标，而新的测量算法能高效快速精确地计算竹材的尺寸参数，为竹材自动化剖分的实现提供有效途径。
关键词：尺寸测量；机器视觉；选择式掩模平滑法；Sobel算子
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0074-05
Design of measurement system of bamboo size based on machine vision
HAN Weicong， BAO Guanghai
（School of Electrical Engineering and Automation，Fuzhou University，Fuzhou 350108，China）
Abstract: In order to cater to the demand for automated bamboo splitting technologies， this paper proposed to apply digital image processing technology to real-time processing and display of bamboo images. A new algorithm was designed to measure the size parameters of bamboo. Firstly， this paper focused on the noise of image collection， used selective masking smoothing method to weaken the noise and protect edge information; then used the Sobel operator to extract the internal and external contour of bamboo， separated the background， obtained the target of the image by binarization and attained the size of bamboo in accordance with the new algorithm; Finally， the software interface written in VC++ displayed the collected images， processed images， measured data， and stored in the database. Experiment showed that the design of the software by adopting the digital image processing algorithms could effectively filter the noise， retain the targets of interest， and new measurement algorithm was fast， efficient and accurate on calculating the size parameters of bamboo， which provided an effective way to realize automation of bamboo splitting.
Keywords: dimensional measurement； machine vision； selective masking smoothing method； Sobel operator
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.016
圆容栅传感器设计及可靠性验证
任宇佳1，2， 尤文斌1，2， 马铁华1，2
（1. 中北大学电子测试技术国家重点实验室，山西 太原 030051；
2． 中北大学仪器科学与动态测试教育部重点实验室，山西 太原 030051）
摘 要：为改善旋转轴动态扭矩测试中信号传输受限、供电复杂的现状，提高传感器灵敏度、响应速度以及抗干扰能力，设计一种基于电容充放电特性的非接触、无源圆容栅扭矩传感器，并对其电磁特性进行仿真，分析传感器的栅极数量及整体屏蔽对传感器输出的影响。通过试验验证可知传感器的可靠性高，达到预期要求。
关键词：扭矩测试；圆容栅传感器；电磁特性仿真；可靠性
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0079-05
Design and reliability verification of round capacitive sensor
REN Yujia1，2， YOU Wenbin1，2， MA Tiehua1，2
（1. National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology，North University of China，
Taiyuan 030051，China；
2. Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education，
North University of China，Taiyuan 030051，China）
Abstract: In order to improve the current situation of signal transmission limitation and complicated power supply during dynamic torque test of rotating shaft and the sensitivity， response speed and the ability to resist interference of the sensor， a kind of non-contact and passive round capacitive torque sensor based on the characteristic of capacitance charge-discharge is designed， and its electromagnetic property is simulated to analyze the influence of the number of sensor grids and the whole shield on the sensor output. Experimental results show that the reliability of the sensor is high， and the sensor is expected to meet the requirements.
Keywords: torque measurement； round capacitive sensor； electromagnetic characteristic simulation；reliability
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.017
ETC模式货车计重收费系统设计
张剑勇1， 周尚儒2， 杨 军2
（1. 山西万立科技有限公司，山西 太原 030032； 2. 太原理工大学信息工程学院，山西 太原 030024）
摘 要：为解决高速公路收费口货车放行效率低、车辆拥堵严重等问题，结合先进的动态称重技术和DSRC短程链路通信技术，提出一种基于ETC模式的货车计重收费方案。该方案采用双台面动态衡作为称重系统和射频识别技术对货车的基本信息进行读写，从而实现货车不停车计重收费。其中，采用多传感器综合推理技术对称量数据进行补偿和异常检测。实验表明：该收费方式的车道放行时间为7.49 s，整个系统运行的平均时间16.99 s，与人工半自动化收费方式相比大大提高货车的放行效率，缓解车辆的拥堵问题。
关键词：动态称重；DSRC短程链路通信；货车ETC；交通拥堵
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0084-04
Design of truck weighing toll system based on ETC mode
ZHANG Jianyong1， ZHOU Shangru2， YANG Jun2
（1. Shanxi Wanli Technology Company，Taiyuan 030032，China；
2. College of Information Engineering，Taiyuan University of Technology，Taiyuan 030024，China）
Abstract: In order to solve the highway toll gate truck low release efficiency， and serious traffic congestion problems， combined with advanced dynamic weighing technology and short link DSRC communications technology， we propose a scheme based on ETC truck weight fees. The program realizes the non-stop truck weight fees， through the use of the double dynamic weighing scale platform as a weighing system and radio frequency identification technology used to read and write the basic information of the truck. The weighing system uses multi-sensor integrated reasoning techniques to compensate for the weighing data and detect anomaly. The experiments have showed that the release time of such toll lane is 7.49 s； the average time of the whole system operation is 16.99 s. Comparing with manual semi-automatic charge mode， the charging method greatly improves the efficiency of trucks release and relieves congestion of the vehicle.
Keywords: dynamic weighing； DSRC short-range link communication； truck ETC； traffic congestion
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.018
果蝇优化小波阈值超声检测信号去噪
李大中1， 赵 杰1， 孙立江2， 张 坤3
（1. 华北电力大学自动化系，河北 保定 071003； 2. 华北电力大学机械工程系，河北 保定 071003；
3. 华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，北京 102206）
摘 要：由于材料结构的复杂性，超声检测回波信号往往存在很多干扰噪声。针对钢制结构中平底孔的超声检测信号传统小波去噪方法中小波阈值难确定的问题，结合小波良好时频特性和果蝇的全局优化能力，提出基于果蝇算法（FOA）优化小波阈值函数的超声检测信号去噪方法。对原始信号叠加5dB高斯白噪声，通过测试最大信噪比改善量获得最佳小波基和分解层数，采用sym5小波对超声检测信号进行6层分解后，利用果蝇算法对小波阈值进行参数优化，对比传统4种阈值确定方法，提高小波阈值的精度。验证结果表明：该方法对超声检测信号去噪后信噪比、均方根误差和相关性等参数具有满意的效果，去噪效果明显。
关键词：信号去噪；果蝇算法；小波阈值；信噪比
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0088-05
Wavelet threshold de-noising method of ultrasonic test signal base on FOA
LI Dazhong1， ZHAO Jie1， SUN Lijiang2， ZHANG Kun3
（1. Dept of Automation，North China Electric Power University，Baoding 071003，China；
2.Dept of Mechanical Engineering，North China Electric Power University，Baoding 071003，China；
3.College of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering，North China Electric Power University，
Beijing 102206，China）
Abstract: Due to complexity of material structure， there are many interference noises in the ultrasonic testing echo signal. In allusion to the problem that it is difficult for confirming wavelet threshold value by the traditional de-noising method for ultrasonic testing signal of flat-bottomed hole in the steel structure， a de-noising method for ultrasonic testing signal base on FOA optimized wavelet threshold value is put forward by combining good wavelet time-frequency characteristics with Global optimization ability of fruit fly. 5 dB white Gaussian noise is added for the original signal and the maximum SNR improvement is tested for acquiring optimum wavelet base and decomposition level. After six-level decomposition is carried out for the ultrasonic testing signal by using sym5 wavelet， FOA is used for parameter optimization of the wavelet threshold value. Comparing traditional four methods for confirming the threshold value， precision of the wavelet threshold value is improved. Validation results indicate that the method in the paper is of satisfied effect and obvious de-noising effect for the SNR， root-mean-square error， correlation and other parameters of ultrasonic testing signal after de-noising.
Keywords: signal de-noising； FOA； wavelet threshold； SNR
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.019
高速列车交会压力波特性分析
刘 璐， 高品贤
（西南交通大学机械工程学院，四川 成都 610031）
摘 要：因动车组在高速交会时产生的瞬变交会压力波对车体侧壁变形、列车运行噪声及运行安全性都有不可忽视的影响，该文利用高速列车的实际测试数据，从3方面对高速列车在明线交汇和隧道交汇情况下的压力波进行深入分析：交会压力波的时-频特性，主要参数值及其与车速的关系，交会压力波对车体侧壁振动的激励作用。特别对压力波所产生的冲击响应谱进行深入分析，得到不同阻尼比下的频率响应。该文分析结果为进一步研究瞬变交会压力波对车体侧壁变形的影响、对列车运行噪声的贡献等提供新的参考依据。
关键词：高速列车；交会压力波；瞬态激励；振动模态
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0093-04
Characteristic analysis of air pressure wave generated by high-speed
trains passing each other
LIU Lu， GAO Pinxian
（School of Mechanical Engineering，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China）
Abstract: The air pressure wave is a transient excitation to car body side， which can stimulate almost all vibration modes of car body and correlated assemblies and cause serious aerodynamic noise， posing threats to operation safety. Based on field-measured air pressure waves， this article mainly analyzes the time-frequency characteristics of air pressure wave， the relationship between its main parameters and train velocity， and the vibration of car body caused by it. In particular， the response spectrum of the pressure wave is analyzed， and the frequency response of the different damping ratio is obtained. The conclusion has been derived. It provides new evidences for train noise and car body distortion.
Keywords: high-speed train； air pressure wave； transient excitation； modes of vibration
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.020
曲轴R区域超声相控阵检测方法研究
陆铭慧， 邓 勇， 刘勋丰
（南昌航空大学无损检测技术教育部重点实验室，江西 南昌 330063）
摘 要：针对曲轴结构复杂的特性，开展超声相控阵技术在某型曲轴R区域检测中的应用研究。首先，建立曲轴R部位的声束覆盖模型，研究超声相控声束对曲轴R部位的覆盖及反射特点；然后，用超声相控阵方法对曲轴R区域进行检测实验，采用弧面楔块，改善声耦合效果；用VB编写的辅助检测软件，对回波信号进行定位和分析。实验对象为带人工缺陷的三拐曲轴，利用相控阵多角度声束扫查功能对其进行检测，将相控阵系统得到的回波信号数据输入辅助软件对缺陷进行定位，其定位绝对误差＜2 mm，并且缺陷位置显示直观，有利于判别。实验研究结果表明：利用超声相控阵成像技术和辅助检测软件相结合的手段有助于曲轴R区域缺陷的快速检测和准确评价。
关键词：超声相控阵；曲轴R区域；VB；辅助检测软件
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0097-06
Research on ultrasonic phased array testing method in crankshaft R-area
LU Minghui， DENG Yong， LIU Xunfeng
（Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Test of Ministry of Education，Nanchang Hangkong University，
Nanchang 330063，China）
Abstract: According to the complicated characteristics of the crankshaft structure， research on the application of ultrasonic phased array technology in the R-area of a certain type of crankshaft was carried out. Firstly， R-area beam coverage model of the crankshaft was established and the crankshaft R-area coverage and reflection characteristics of ultrasonic phased array beam were studied on. Secondly， ultrasonic phased array method was applied to test the crankshaft R-area and cambered wedge was adopted to improve the surface acoustic coupling effect. Auxiliary testing software designed by VB was used for the positioning and analysis of echo signal. The experiment subject is a three-throw crankshaft with artificial defects， which was tested with the multi-angle acoustic beam of ultrasonic phased array. The echo signal data obtained from ultrasonic phased array system was input to auxiliary testing software to locate defect and the absolute error of positioning was less than 2 mm. The location of defects is visual and it is conducive to distinguishment. The research results showed that combining ultrasonic phased array imaging technology and auxiliary testing software is conducive to rapid detection and accurate evaluation of defects in crankshaft R-area.
Keywords: ultrasonic phased array； crankshaft R-area； VB； auxiliary testing software
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.021
关键生产参数挤出式乳胶丝质量建模与应用
唐木森1， 刘桂雄1， 谢炎庆2
（1. 华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院，广东 广州 510640； 2. 广东国兴乳胶丝有限公司，广东 揭阳 522000）
摘 要：为满足多工序挤出式乳胶丝高效稳定生产需要，基于挤出式乳胶丝关键生产参数，采用多重多元回归、广义回归神经网络（generalized regression neural network，GRNN）与量子遗传算法（quantum genetic algorithm，QGA）分别建立多重多元回归模型、GRNN模型与QGA-GRNN模型，并以均方误差（mean squared error，MSE）作为评价指标在应用中比较3个模型预测效果。应用结果表明：QGA-GRNN模型在应用中能取得更小的MSE，预测能力优于其他两个模型，适用于挤出式乳胶丝产品质量预测。
关键词：乳胶丝；多重多元回归；广义回归神经网络；量子遗传算法
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0103-04
Quality modeling and application of extruded latex thread based on key parameters
TANG Musen1， LIU Guixiong1， XIE Yanqing2
（1. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering，South China University of Technology，
Guangzhou 510640，China；
2. Guangdong Guoxing Latex Thread Co.，Ltd.，Jieyang 522000，China）
Abstract: In order to meet the need of the efficient and stable production of extruded latex thread of multiple procedures， multivariate regression model， GRNN model and QGA-GRNN model， based on the key parameters， were established by using multivariate regression， generalized regression neural network （GRNN） and quantum genetic algorithm （QGA）. The mean square error （MSE） is applied as the evaluation index to compare 3 models. The application result indicates that QGA-GRNN model obtains smaller MSE， and its forecasting capacity is superior to the other two models. It is therefore appropriate for extruded latex thread product quality prediction.
Keywords: latex thread； multivariate regression model； GRNN； QGA
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.022
复制粘贴音频信号的篡改检测技术研究
何朝霞1， 潘 平2， 罗 辉3
（1. 长江大学工程技术学院，湖北 荆州 434023； 2. 贵州大学计算机科学与信息学院，贵州 贵阳 550025；
3. 哈尔滨工业大学计算机科学与技术学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001）
摘 要：根据数字录音设备在录音过程中不仅记录语音内容本身，还携带微弱的电网信号的特点，提出一种基于电网频率的特征提取和复制粘贴篡改检测方法。方法利用Duffing带通滤波器获取携带电网信号的语音信号，然后提取该语音信号的Mel频标倒谱系数（MFCC），最后将特征参数运用于基于量子模距离的判决模型，对音频信号进行复制粘贴篡改检测。通过实验分析，该方法在数字语音删除、复制粘贴篡改检测方面，具有较高的正确率；音频信号越长，检测的正确率越高；MFCC参数提取过程中，帧长和帧移越小，检测的正确率越高。该方法可为音频信号篡改检测提供一个新的研究方向。
关键词：篡改检测；特征提取；MFCC；Duffing带通滤波器；量子模距离
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0107-05
Study on tamper detection technology for audio signal copying and pasting
HE Zhaoxia1， PAN Ping2， LUO Hui3
（1. College of Technology & Engineering，Yangtze University，Jingzhou 434023，China；
2. Computer Science and Information Institute，Guizhou University，Guiyang 550025，China；
3. School of Computer Science and Technology，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150001，China）
Abstract: Aiming at the condition that the digital recording equipment not only records the contents of the voice during the recording process but also carries weak power network signals， a feature extraction and copying and pasting tamper detection method based on power frequency is put forward. The method obtains the audio signal carrying power network signal through the Duffing band-pass filter and then extracts the Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient（MFCC） of the audio signal and applies the characteristic parameters to judgment model based on quantum module distance， and finally conducts copying and pasting tamper detection for the audio signal. Through experimental analysis， it was found the method has high accuracy in the aspect of digital voice deletion， copying and pasting tamper detection， longer the audio signal is， higher the detection accuracy will be， smaller the frame size and frame shift during MFCC parameter extraction process are， higher the detection accuracy will be. The method provides a new research direction for the audio signal tamper detection.
Keywords: tamper detection； feature extraction； MFCC； Duffing band-pass filter； quantum module distance
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.023
通用电路板自动故障诊断系统的设计与实现
郭栋梁， 刘新妹， 殷俊龄， 陈 云
（中北大学 电子测试技术国家重点实验室，山西 太原 030051）
摘 要：针对传统电路板测试的局限性与单一性以及日趋灵活的电路板测试需求，基于矩阵开关技术、自动测试技术和虚拟仪器技术，设计并实现一种通用电路板自动故障诊断系统。该系统基于PCI总线技术所构建的通用硬件框架以及利用LabVIEW实现的上位机软件，实现通用电路板的直流电平测试、静态参数测试以及动态参数测试等，完成测量结果的对比分析、保存以及故障定位。实验证明：该系统能够快速准确地完成通用电路板的测试任务。系统搭建完成后，进行7次独立重复试验，测试结果显示：该系统测试数据的最大误差为±0.3%，同时具有性价比高、通用性好、可靠性高等优点，并且可以大大提高测试效率。
关键词：自动故障诊断系统；数据采集；矩阵开关；通用电路板接口；LabVIEW
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0112-05
Design and implementation of common circuit board automatic fault diagnosis system
GUO Dongliang， LIU Xinmei， YIN Junling， CHEN Yun
（National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurment Technology，North University of China，
Taiyuan 030051，China）
Abstract: This is an automatic fault diagnosis system for common circuit board based on matrix switch， automatic test and virtual instrument technologies， designed according to the limitations and unity of traditional circuit board test and an increasingly flexible test tendency. The system realizes DC level test， static and dynamic parameter tests of common circuit board， and performs comparative analysis and preservation of measurement results and fault location by the help of common hardware testing framework built by PCI bus technology and upper computer software achieved by LabVIEW. Experiment results have proven that the system is able to perform common circuit board test fast and accurately. There were seven independent repeated trials after the system was established. Results show that the maximum error of test data is ±0.3%. Together with advantages such as high cost performance， universality and reliability， the test efficiency is greatly raised.
Keywords: automatic fault diagnosis system； data acquisition； matrix switch； common interface of circuit board； LabVIEW
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.024
三轴循环荷载下岩石动态特性参数研究
黄兴建， 付小敏， 沈 忠， 宾婷婷
（成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610059）
摘 要：利用MTS815 Flex Test 40岩石力学试验系统对粉砂质泥岩和泥质粉砂岩进行三轴循环荷载试验。研究两种岩石在三轴循环荷载作用下，动剪切模量和动泊松比参数的变化规律。结果表明：1）在相同轴向振动荷载和振动次数作用下，两种岩石的动剪切模量随着围压的增加呈现出先增加再减小的变化规律，动泊松比没有明显的变化规律。2）在相同围压和轴向振动荷载作用下，两种岩石的动剪切模量随着振动次数的增加呈现逐渐减小的变化规律，动泊松比呈现逐渐增加的变化规律。3）在相同围压和振动次数下，两种岩石的动剪切模量与动泊松比随着轴向振动荷载的增加都无明显规律。试验成果对研究岩土工程地基岩石的地震反应和边坡工程的安全稳定性评价可提供参考依据。
关键词：粉砂质泥岩；泥质粉砂岩；三轴循环荷载；动剪切模量；动泊松比
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0117-06
Study on dynamic characteristic parameters of rock under triaxial cyclic loading
HUANG Xingjian， FU Xiaomin， SHEN Zhong， BIN Tingting
（State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection，Chengdu University of
Technology，Chengdu 610059，China）
Abstract: MTS815 Flex Test 40 rock mechanics test equipment is used for triaxial cyclic loading tests to silty mudstone and argillaceous siltstone to study the changing laws of their dynamic shear modulus and dynamic Poisson’s ratio under triaxial cyclic loading. Results show that： 1）Under the same axial vibrating load and number of vibration， the dynamic shear modulus of the two rocks increases first and then decreases as the confining pressure increases， while the dynamic Poisson’s ratio does not show any obvious changes. 2）Under the same confining pressure and axial vibrating load，the dynamic shear modulus of the two rocks gradual decreases as the number of vibration increases， while the dynamic Poisson’s ratio gradually increases. 3）Under the same confining pressure and number of vibration， the dynamic shear modulus and dynamic Poisson’s ratio of the two rocks do not show any obvious lawsas the axial vibrating load increases. The results provide reference for further study on seismic response of geotechnical engineering foundation rocks and evaluation on safety and stability of slope engineering.
Keywords: silty mudstone； argillaceous siltstone； three axial cyclic loading； dynamic shear modulus； dynamic Poisson’s ratio
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.025
五轴联动精密微铣削机床试验模态分析
李 伟， 许金凯， 张向辉， 于化东（长春理工大学机电工程学院，吉林 长春 130022）
摘 要：五轴联动精密微铣削机床的结构性能直接影响精密三维微小零件的加工质量，为研究其结构性能，应用试验模态分析技术对五轴联动精密微铣削机床进行结构分析。采用单点激励多点响应的方法进行锤击试验，建立传递函数，经分析处理得出机床固有频率、阻尼比与振型等动态特性参数，并对识别的参数进行模态置信矩阵（MAC）校验。试验得到机床前三阶固有频率为102.44，133.97，154.86 Hz，对应阻尼比为3.27%、4.94%、2.14%；试验结果证明该五轴精密微铣削机床结构布局合理，机床固有频率有效避开微切削加工的激振频率，通过振型分析可找出机床结构薄弱环节，并提出优化建议。试验验证应用试验模态分析技术对机床动态特性分析方法的有效性。
关键词：模态分析；模态参数；试验模态；五轴联动
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0123-04
Experimental modal analysis of five-axis precision micro-milling machine tool
LI Wei， XU Jinkai， ZHANG Xianghui， YU Huadong
（Electromechanical Engineering College，Changchun University of Science and Technology，
Changchun 130022，China）
Abstract: The performance of five-axis linkage precision micro-milling machine tool structure has direct influence on the quality of machining 3D precision micro components. In order to study the property of the machine tool structure， it was analyzed with experimental modal analysis technique. The hammer test was conducted by the method of a single-point excitation and multi-point response， and the transfer functions were set up. Dynamic characteristic parameters of the machine tool structure including its natural frequencies， damping ratios and vibration modes were obtained by the analysis and processing. Also， the modal parameters were verified by the modal assurance criterion（MAC）. The first three of the natural frequencies obtained by the experiment are 102.44 Hz， 133.97 Hz and 154.86 Hz and the corresponding damping ratios are 3.27%， 4.94% and 2.14%. The experiment proves that the structure of the five-axis linkage precision micro-milling machine tool is reasonable and the natural frequencies can effectively avoid the vibration frequencies of the micro cutting process. The weak links of the machine tool structure were discovered by the analysis of the vibration modes. Optimization suggestions were put forward. It proves that the experimental modal analysis technique for studying the dynamic characteristics of the machine tools is effective.
Keywords: modal analysis； modal parameters； experimental modal； five-axis linkage
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.026
NaYF4纳米粉体扫描电镜观测参数探讨
杨清华， 王焕平， 卫国英， 徐时清
（中国计量大学材料科学与工程学院材料分析测试中心，浙江 杭州 310018）
摘 要：合适的加速电压和工作距离对准确观察纳米粉体的形貌和粒径尺寸具有重要影响。以NaYF4纳米粉体为研究对象，探讨加速电压与工作距离的匹配性以及不同加速电压对电镜成像的影响。通过对比相同加速电压、不同工作距离下观察得到的电镜图片，得出只有当加速电压与特定的工作距离匹配时才能得到清晰度高的电镜图片，具体加速电压与工作距离的匹配值如下：1 kV（4 mm），5 kV（4 mm），10 kV（8 mm），15 kV（12 mm），20 kV（15 mm），25 kV（20 mm），
30 kV（25 mm）。在合适的工作距离下，通过对比不同加速电压观察得到的电镜图片，得出随着加速电压的增加，电镜图片的清晰度呈现出先增强后减弱的趋势，当加速电压为20 kV时得到清晰度最佳的电镜图片。
关键词：场发射扫描电镜；NaYF4纳米粉体；加速电压；工作距离
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0127-04
Investigation on testing parameters of SEM for NaYF4 nano powders
YANG Qinghua， WANG Huanping， WEI Guoying， XU Shiqing
（Testing Center of Materials，College of Material Science and Engineering，China Jiliang University，
Hangzhou 310018，China）
Abstract: The acceleration voltage （Vacc） and working distance （WD） have significant effects on the observation for the accurate morphology and particle sizes of nano powders. NaYF4 nano powders were used as samples， their microstructures were observed by the filed emission scanning electron microscope and the influences of accelerating voltage and working distance to the imaging were investigated systematically. Comparing the imagines under the same Vacc and different WD， it was confirmed that high quality imagines could only obtained under matching values between Vacc and WD. The details of the matching values are: 1 kV（4 mm）， 5 kV（4 mm）， 10 kV（8 mm）， 15 kV（12 mm）， 20 kV（15 mm）， 25 kV（20 mm） and 30 kV（25 mm）. While， comparing the imagines under different Vacc， it was indicated that with the increase in Vacc， the definition of the images was enhanced first and then deteriorated. The proper value was 20kV.
Keywords: field emission scanning microscope； NaYF4 nano powders； accelerating voltage； working distance
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.027
电磁热水器磁屏蔽有限元分析
宋 波， 田 忠， 王 旭， 丁卫东
（电子科技大学 电子科学技术研究院，四川 成都 611731）
摘 要：为降低电磁热水器工作时产生的磁场干扰，需要进行磁屏蔽的设计。针对某电磁热水器，采用有限元软件仿真对高频和低频屏蔽方式的屏蔽效能及其对系统效率的影响展开研究。研究屏蔽壳厚度、两线圈距离及其电流相位差等因素对热水器产生的磁场强度的影响。结果表明：该电磁热水器更宜采用高频屏蔽方式，两线圈电流反相、缩小两线圈间距等措施可降低热水器周围磁场强度，更有利于磁屏蔽的设计。
关键词：磁屏蔽；有限元；感应加热；电磁热水器
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0131-05
Magnetic shielding analysis of electromagnetic water heaters by finite element method
SONG Bo， TIAN Zhong， WANG Xu， DING Weidong
（Research Institute of Electronic Science and Technology，University of Electronic Science and Technology，
Chengdu 611731，China）
Abstract: In order to reduce the magnetic interference of electromagnetic water heaters in work, it is necessary to design magnetic shielding. Certain eletromagnetic water heaters were selected as the object of study. Finite element software was used to simulate the shielding effectiveness of low-and-high frequency shielding methods and its impact on system efficiency. It is aimed to analyze the effect of the shielding case thickness, distance and currunt phase of two coils on the magnetic field strength generated by the electromagnetic water heaters. The experimental results suggest that the high-frequency shielding method is more suitable than the low-frequency shielding method, and the measures to invert the current phase of two coils or to shorten the distance thereof can reduce the magnetic field strength around these water heaters, which is more favorable for magnetic shielding design.
Keywords: magnetic shielding； finite element； induction heating； electromagnetic heater
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.028
TCI导热仪测试材料导热系数的影响因素分析
顼永亮， 周亚素， 王 思
（东华大学环境科学与工程学院，上海 201620）
摘 要：阐述基于瞬态平面热源法的TCI导热仪测试原理，通过对蒸馏水、Pyrex耐热玻璃、耐高温陶瓷、LAF6720泡沫材料导热系数的测量研究，分析影响TCI导热仪测试精度的因素。结果显示：TCI导热仪对于常见材料导热系数的测试结果具有较好的精度和可重复性，测试过程中需选择合适的校准方式，对固体材料需添加媒介以减小接触热阻。此外，对于测试时需添加触媒介质的固体材料连续测试时间不宜过长，最好不要超过20 min。
关键词：瞬态平面热源法；导热系数；校准方式；接触热阻；测试时间
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0136-05
The influence factor analysis of testing material thermal conductivity with
TCI thermal conductivity meter
XU Yongliang， ZHOU Yasu， WANG Si
（College of Environmental Science and Engineering，Donghua University，Shanghai 201620，China）
Abstract: This paper explained testing principle of TCI thermal conductivity meter based on the transient plane source method. Good accuracy and repeatability of the TCI were verified and proved by testing four reference materials： distilled water， LAF6720， Pyrex and pyroceram. The authors also studied the influence factor which may affect the accuracy when testing the materials with TCI. Results showed that choosing the appropriate calibration and reducing the thermal contact resistance are essential to improve the testing accuracy. Also， the duration of continuous testing which requires contact agent should not be too long， not more than 20 minutes preferably.
Keywords: transient plane source； thermal conductivity； calibration methods； thermal contact resistance； testing time
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.07.029
汽车弹簧缸的密封性仿真与测试研究
吴红梅
（杭州职业技术学院信息工程学院，浙江 杭州 310018）
摘 要：由于汽车弹簧缸长期制动造成的气密性衰减，很难动态分析不同摩擦系数的密封圈对腔压泄露的影响。因此，该文利用双参数Mooney-Rivlin分析法，建立汽车弹簧缸的腔体密封性失效模型。该模型能根据密封圈的摩擦系数，动态计算出弹簧缸的气体泄漏量，通过腔压和泄漏量的比较，判断出密封圈是否失效。利用汽车弹簧缸气密性检测仪对某型弹簧缸进行测试，实验结果表明，当摩擦系数≤0.1时，密封圈应力分布最佳，腔体泄漏量＜5 kPa；当摩擦系数＞0.1时，密封圈应力集中而产生气密性失效，腔体泄漏量超过5 kPa。失效模型的仿真结果与试验结果相同，该失效模型正确有效。
关键词：弹簧缸；密封性测试；失效模型；有限元仿真；疲劳试验
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）07-0141-04
Numerical simulation on sealing test model of brake chamber
WU Hongmei
（College of Information Engineering，Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College，Hangzhou 310018，China）
Abstract: Due to the attenuation of air impermeability， the gas leakiness of a brake chamber cannot be dynamically analyzed by its friction coefficient. Therefore， a sealing model of brake chamber is proposed based on the double parameters Mooney-Rivlin algorithm and the Von-Mises stress distribute model. The leakage rate， solved by this sealing model under different friction coefficient， is used for evaluating sealing failure of brake chamber. Besides， the sealing performance of a brake chamber is detected by a sealing tester of brake chamber to verify this sealing model. The experimental result shows that the leakage is less than 5 kPa when μ≤0.1 and the stress distribution of the seal ring is optimal. However， the leakage is greater than 5 kPa when μ＞0.1 by reason of the seal ring failure. It indicates that the sealing model of brake chamber is valid.
Keywords: brake chamber； sealing test； failure model； finite element simulation analysis； fatigue test
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