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doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.001
 
考虑混凝土基体蠕变的FBG传感器应变传递研究
周  智1,2, 王  倩1, 郝孝伟1, 阳环宇1, 欧进萍1,2
(1. 大连理工大学土木工程学院,辽宁 大连 116024; 2. 大连理工大学 海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024)
摘  要:为研究光纤光栅应变传感器在混凝土结构中的长期监测性能,需考虑混凝土基体的长期蠕变效应对传感器应变传递率的影响。以玻璃纤维增强塑料(GFRP)封装的埋入式光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)应变传感器为研究对象,引入混凝土蠕变本构,进行应变传递分析,并通过有限元计算对理论分析结果加以验证。研究表明传感器的平均应变传递率随着混凝土基体的蠕变发展而逐渐降低,蠕变的影响不可忽略,需进行误差修正。在此基础上,利用平均应变传递率公式,可对光纤光栅传感器的选型提供一定参考。
关键词:光纤布拉格光栅;应变传递;混凝土基体;蠕变;有限元计算
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0001-05
 
Strain transfer analysis of the FBG sensor considering the creep of the concrete host
ZHOU Zhi1,2, WANG Qian1, HAO Xiaowei1, YANG Huanyu1, OU Jinping1,2
(1. School of Civil Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,
Dalian 116024,China)
Abstract: In order to study the long-term service performance of fiber bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors embedded in concrete structures, the effect of concrete matrix creep on the strain transfer coefficient of the sensor needs to be considered. The study object is the embedded FBG strain sensor packaged in glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP). The creep constitutive relation of concrete was introduced to analyze the strain transfer and the finite element method was used to verify the theoretical analysis results. It shows that the average strain transfer coefficient declines with the development of the concrete matrix creep. The effect of the creep cannot be neglected and errors need to be corrected. On this basis, the formula of average strain transfer coefficient can provide some references for the geometric model selection of FBG sensors.
Keywords: fiber bragg grating; strain transfer; concrete matrix; creep; finite element method
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.002
 
双相机工业摄影测量系统测量性能测试方法研究
黄桂平1,2, 轩亚兵1, 马彤彤1
(1. 华北水利水电大学,河南 郑州 450045; 2. 辰维科技股份有限公司,河南 郑州 450001)
摘  要:双相机工业摄影测量系统的广泛应用使其测量性能越来越受到关注,如何准确合理地评价系统的测量性能,并制定相应检定规范是目前亟待解决的问题。针对双相机系统测量性能的测试问题提出一套系统的方法:首先对双相机系统的摄影距离和基线长度等结构参数进行实验,并选择最佳参数进行系统的测量性能测试;然后对双相机的测量重复性、三维坐标测量准确度与长度测量准确度进行测评;最后通过以上3个评价指标对双相机系统测量性能进行总体分析与评价。该方法测得某型双相机的自身测量重复性为0.027 mm,三维坐标测量准确度为0.060 mm,长度测量准确度为0.062 mm。据此推荐用测量重复性、三维坐标测量准确度、长度测量准确度3个指标对系统进行评价。
关键词:双相机;工业摄影测量;测量重复性;坐标测量;长度测量
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0006-05
 
Study on measurement performance test method of dual camera
industrial photogrammetry system
HUANG Guiping1,2, XUAN Yabing1, MA Tongtong1
(1. North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450045,China;
2. Chenwei Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450001,China)
Abstract: The measurement performance of dual camera industrial photogrammetry system has attracted increasingly wide attentions. How to evaluate its measurement performance precisely and rationally and make a corresponding verification specification are current problems demanding prompt solution. A systematic method has been proposed to test the measurement performance of the dual camera industrial photogrammetry system: Firstly,the structural parameters such as shooting distance and baseline length were analyzed and the best results among them chosen to test the measurement performance of the system. Secondly, the measurement repeatability, the 3D coordinate measurement accuracy and the length measurement accuracy were tested and evaluated. Thirdly, the measurement performance was analyzed and evaluated through the three indicators above in general. The experimental results show that the measurement repeatability of the dual camera is 0.027 mm,the 3D coordinate measuring accuracy is 0.060 mm, and the length measurement accuracy is 0.062 mm. It is recommended that the accuracy of the system is evaluated by three indexes, which are the measurement repeatability, the 3D coordinate measurement accuracy, and the length measurement accuracy.
Keywords: dual camera; industrial photogrammetry; repeated measurement accuracy; coordinate measurement; length measurement
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.003
 
电站金属微创试验技术发展及应用
孙  标
(神华国华(北京)电力研究院有限公司,北京100025)
摘  要:微创试验技术是以对部件微小损伤为代价获取微小试样进行材料性能及组织研究,微创试验技术应用于电站金属评估方面可以解决电站传统无损检测数据信息不全面、常规取样试验方法破坏性大且成本昂贵等问题。通过对微创试验技术发展、方法及应用的阐述,对比分析其与传统试验方法在电站金属试验方面应用的优劣,认为采用微创试验技术获取电站金属材料在长期高温服役下的组织、性能等劣化数据,对电站高温金属部件剩余寿命评估是可行的,突破传统取样试验对评估工作的限制,具有较好的发展和应用空间,对电站后续安全稳定运行十分必要。
关键词:微创试验技术;电站金属;高温服役;寿命评估
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0011-07
 
Development and application of micro damage testing technology
for the power plant’s metal
SUN Biao
(Shenhua Guohua(Beijing) Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing 100025,China)
Abstract: Micro damage testing technology is about studying the properties and structures of materials used at power stations at the cost of damaging a very tiny area of the parts for sampling. With respect to the evaluation of power stations, this technology can be used to solve the problems such as incomplete data of traditional nondestructive testing as well as large destruction and high cost of regular sampling test methods. Based on its development, methods and application as well as its advantages and disadvantages compared with conventional testing methods, it is believed that this technology is feasible in that the remaining service life of high-temperature metal parts can be estimated by obtaining the data for organization and property deterioration of metal materials after long-term high temperature service from power stations. Experiments suggest that this technology has broken the limitation of conventional sampling tests and has extensive development and application space, which is indispensible and significant for power stations to run safely and steadily. 
Keywords: micro damage testing technology; power plant’s metal; elevated temperature’s service; life prediction
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.004
 
机载喷雾冷却换热特性关键影响因素实验研究
王  瑜, 蒋彦龙, 周年勇
(南京航空航天大学航空宇航学院,江苏 南京 210016)
摘  要:为详细研究喷雾冷却系统在大热沉表面积和无沸腾区下的换热特性,并为喷雾冷却系统的机载应用提供技术基础,搭建以水为冷却介质的开放式喷雾冷却实验台。基于实验数据从特征参数和无量纲数两方面研究加热功率、喷雾入口压力对换热性能的影响;并根据飞行工况考查重力角度的影响。得到实验结果:在加热功率500~1 400 W及入口压力0.45~0.85 MPa的条件下,热沉表面温度均能控制在80 ℃以下。加热功率一定时,系统表面传热系数随入口压力的增加而增加,且增加速率随着功率的增加而增加;热沉表面温度随入口压力增加而减小,且减小速率随着功率增加而增加;表面传热系数随Re和We的增加而增加,增加速率随功率增加主要是由于蒸发强度的增加。此外,与重力方向夹角为30°或120°时,喷雾冷却性能最好。结果表明各工况下喷雾冷却换热效果良好,表面参数均处于合理范围,为该技术在机载领域的应用提供技术参考。
关键词:喷雾冷却;机载;传热系数;表面温度;无量纲数;重力夹角
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0018-06
 
Experimental investigation on the influence of key parameters to aircraft
spray cooling system
WANG Yu, JIANG Yanlong, ZHOU Nianyong
(Department of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
Nanjing 210016,China)
Abstract: An open-loop spray cooling platform using water as coolant was designed and established to thoroughly study the heat transfer characteristics of spray cooling systems on large heating surface and in non-boiling areas and to provide a technical reference for applying the systems to the field of aircraft cooling. Based on experiment data, the effects of heating power and inlet pressure on heat transfer performance were analyzed in respect to characteristic parameters and dimensionless numbers. Meanwhile, the influence of gravity angle was examined according to the aircraft operating condition. During the experiment, the heating surface temperature could be maintained below 80 ℃ when the heating power was 500 W-1 400 W and the inlet pressure 0.45 MPa-0.85 MPa. The results indicate that, if the heating power is constant, the heat transfer coefficient increases with the inlet pressure and the decrease rate varies with the heating power. On the other hand, the surface temperature decreases as the inlet pressure increases and the decrease rate varies with the heating power. The increase of the heat transfer coefficient is caused by the increase of Re and We and the increase rate is mainly influenced by evaporation intensity. Moreover, the best spray cooling performance is achieved when the gravity angle is 30° or 120°. The results show that the heat transfer performance is good and all the surface parameters are within a reasonable range, which can provide a technical reference for applying the spray cooling systems in the field of aircraft cooling.
Keywords: spray cooling; airborne; heat transfer coefficient; surface temperature; dimensionless parameter; gravity angle
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.005
 
Flash存储器并行耐久测试方法
罗  军, 王小强, 蔡志刚, 孙  宇, 吕宏峰
(工业和信息化部电子第五研究所,广东 广州 510610)
摘  要:传统闪存(Flash)芯片耐久测试需要对整块芯片按扇区串行进行擦写测试,测试时间长、效率低、成本高,不利于其批量耐久测试和产业化发展。该文基于“资源换速度”的思想提出一种高效的Flash存储器并行耐久测试方法,通过对多片Flash芯片并行进行擦写测试,对不同芯片擦写不同扇区来提升其耐久测试效率,并进一步对耐久测试Flash芯片的不同扇区等效性进行分析,对等效性需要满足的条件和要求进行探讨。实验结果表明:并行耐久测试能有效缩短测试时间,其效率提升程度与并行测试的芯片数量成正比,加速测试结果与理论曲线符合较好。
关键词:闪存;存储寿命;耐久测试;扇区等效性;并行测试
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0024-04
 
Parallel endurance testing method for Flash memories
LUO Jun, WANG Xiaoqiang, CAI Zhigang, SUN Yu, L?譈 Hongfeng
(CEPREI,Guangzhou,510610,China)
Abstract: Traditionally, the endurance test of Flash chips is unsuitable for massive production of Flash memories because its sector-by-sector serial procedure is time consuming, inefficient and uneconomical. To promote the test efficiency, a parallel method has been proposed in this paper by using of multi-sectors of different Flash chips at the same time. It has been derived from the idea of tradeoff between resource usage and speedup. Experimental results show that the speed of endurance test is accelerated and the degree of efficiency promotion is in direct proportion to the number of Flash chips. The test results tally with the theoretical results. 
Keywords: Flash; memory lifetime; endurance test; equivalence of sectors; parallel test
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.006
 
药品包衣厚度测量系统晶振频率分析及实验研究
何高法, 周传德, 任建兵, 马  霞
(重庆科技学院机械与动力工程学院,重庆 401331)
摘  要:为提高药品包衣效果和包衣质量,针对包衣厚度在线监测问题,提出基于石英晶体谐振原理的包衣厚度测量方法。利用石英晶体的压电效应原理分析石英晶体谐振片厚度剪切振动的谐振频率与包衣厚度之间的函数关系,使用等效密度法建立有限元模型并分析石英晶体谐振器在不同膜厚情况下的模态和谐振频率,理论和有限元分析结果均表明晶片的谐振频率随薄膜厚度的增加而降低,且呈近似的线性关系,检测灵敏度约为12 kHz/μm。使用石英晶体微天平系统进行包衣厚度的测量实验,实测厚度和分析结果具有很好的一致性。研究结果表明基于石英晶体谐振的膜厚测量法可以应用于制药包衣厚度的实时测量。
关键词:石英晶体谐振器;薄膜厚度;包衣;有限元分析
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0028-05
 
Analysis and experimental study of quartz crystal oscillation frequency of drug
coating thickness measuring system
HE Gaofa, ZHOU Chuande, REN Jianbing, MA Xia
(School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Chongqing University of Science and Technology,
Chongqing 401331,China)
Abstract: A method to measure coating thicknesses based on the theory of quartz crystal oscillation was put forward in order to improve the effect and quality of tablet coating and online monitoring. To be specific, the piezoelectric effect theory of quartz crystal was employed to analyze the functional relationship between the resonant frequency of quartz crystal resonator thickness shearing vibration and the coating thickness. Meanwhile, an equivalent density method was used to create a finite element model (FEM) to study the modality and resonant frequency of the resonator under different film thicknesses. The theoretical and FEM outcomes have revealed that the resonant frequency declines with the increase of the film thickness and presents an approximate linear relation, and the detection sensitivity is about 12 kHz/μm. The findings indicate that the proposed method can be applied to measure pharmaceutical coating thicknesses in real time.
Keywords: quartz crystal oscillation; film thickness; coating; finite element method
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.007
 
内径量表中双正弦机构原理误差研究
王  颖, 禹  静, 李东升
(中国计量大学 浙江省流量计量技术研究重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310018)
摘  要:为提高内径量表的测量准确度,采用数学建模与实验测量相结合的方法对双正弦机构的原理误差进行研究。在正弦机构的理论基础上,针对内径量表建立双正弦机构的传动模型,通过与百分表刻度特性比较得到原理误差模型。提出两种通过调整传动特性来减小原理误差的方案,利用软件建模分析表明杠杆臂长的最佳调整模型对减小原理误差的效果更优。自行设计实验平台对原理误差进行重复测量,初步验证杠杆臂长转角与原理误差的非线性特性,建议后续研究可从分析双正弦机构初始位置的角度改进测量实验。该研究为工程实际应用中调修内径量表、提高测量准确度提供理论基础。
关键词:内径量表;双正弦机构;原理误差;非线性特性
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0033-05
 
Research on theoretical errors of double sine mechanism in inner diameter gauge
WANG Ying, YU Jing, LI Dongsheng
(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Flow Metering Technology,China Jiliang University,
Hangzhou 310018,China)
Abstract: To improve the measuring accuracy of inner diameter gauges, mathematical modeling and experimental measurement were adopted to study the theoretical errors in the double sine mechanism of inner diameter gauges. A transmission model was set up with the theory of sine mechanism. A theoretical error model was obtained accordingly by comparing the transmission model of lever mechanism with the scale characteristics of a dial indicator. These two methods were proposed to reduce the theoretical errors by adjusting transmission characteristics. Through modeling and software analysis, it indicates that the optimized adjustment model for the arm length of lever mechanism has a better effect on reducing principal errors. The non-linear characteristic between the lever arm angle and the theoretical error has been preliminarily verified after repeated measurements on a designed experiment platform. Thus, it is recommended to improve the measuring experiment by first analyzing the initial position of the double sine mechanism. The study has provided a theoretical basis for adjusting inner diameter gauges and improving their measurement accuracy in practical engineering.
Keywords: inner diameter gauge; double sine mechanism; theoretical error; non-linear characteristic
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.008
 
立式金属罐罐底变形容量修正方法研究
陈贤雷, 郝华东, 施浩磊
(舟山市质量技术监督检测研究院,浙江 舟山 316021)
摘  要:通过建立立式金属罐的罐底有限元模型,提出罐底标高修正法和附件修正法,减少立式金属罐装油后罐底变形对容量计量的影响,提高贸易计量交接的准确性。对容量为5 000 m3的立式金属罐,分别采用容量比较法与几何测量法进行测量试验分析;通过采用罐底标高修正和附件修正两种方法对几何测量法的测量结果进行修正,并与容量比较法的结果进行比较,验证两种修正方法的可靠性。
关键词:立式金属罐;罐底变形;容量计量;修正方法;试验分析
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0038-04
 
Study on the volume correction method of vertical metal tank after tank
bottom deformation
CHEN Xianlei, HAO Huadong, SHI Haolei
(Zhoushan Institute of Calibration and Testing for Qualitative and Technical Supervision,
Zhoushan 316021,China)
Abstract: The paper explores a volume correction method for bottom deformation of vertical metal tanks. A tank bottom elevation correction method and an accessory correction method were respectively proposed through the establishment of a finite element model for tank bottom to reduce the influence of tank bottom deformation on volume metrology resulted from oil loading, thus enhancing the accuracy of custody transfer. A vertical metal tank with a capacity of 5,000 m3 was tested by volume comparison and geometric measurement and the analytical results were modified with the elevation correction method and the accessory correction method described above. Then, the modified results were compared with the results of volume comparison to verify that reliability of the two correction methods.
Keywords: vertical metal tank; bottom deformation; volume metrology; correction method; test analysis
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.009
 
倒车雷达探测范围测量方法及准确度分析
崔晓川, 邹博维, 孙  明
(中国汽车技术研究中心,天津 300300)
摘  要:提出一种测量倒车雷达探测范围的方法,利用激光器、激光测距仪及三坐标测量机结合超声波雷达的原理,通过光滑拟合雷达最远探测点的方式,可视化显示倒车雷达探测范围,经过试验验证该方法的测量准确度为2%,最后利用该方法确定倒车雷达在视野盲区内为不同障碍物提供的有效探测范围。该文通过将整车上的倒车雷达复制到台架上的方式测量倒车雷达的探测范围,为国内尚不明确的倒车雷达测量范围测试标准提供参考。
关键词:视野盲区;倒车雷达探测范围;可视化探测区域;超声波雷达
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0042-04
 
Measuring method of reversing radar detection range and accuracy analysis
CUI Xiaochuan, ZOU Bowei, SUN Ming
(China Automotive Technology & Research Center,Tianjin 300300,China)
Abstract: This paper has proposed a method to measure the detection range of reversing radar by using a laser, a laser distance meter and a coordinate measurement machine. Specifically, fit the farthest position that radar can detect smoothly with the operating principle of ultrasonic radar to visualize the detection range of reversing radar. The measurement accuracy was verified to be 2%. The last step was determining the effective detection scope provided by the reversing radar in blind spot vision to different obstacles. Particularly, the radar system installed on vehicle was reverted to a test bench to measure the detection range. The method offers a reference for domestic standards that are still indefinite for the measurement range of reversing radar.
Keywords: blind spot vision; reversing radar detection range; visual detection area; ultrasonic radar
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.010
 
固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱测定牛奶中
9种性激素残留
尤亮亮1, 魏  巍2, 刘海燕1, 王欣璐1, 曾丽萍1, 张玲琳1, 聂远洋1
(1. 新希望乳业控股有限公司技术中心,四川 成都 610016; 2. 哈尔滨工业大学化工学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150006)
摘  要:采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱质谱联用法(SPE-HPLC/MS),建立牛奶中9种性激素(雌酮、雌三醇、17α-雌二醇、诺龙、甲睾酮、丙酸睾酮、醋酸氯地孕酮、醋酸甲地孕酮、醋酸甲羟孕酮)残留的检测方法。样品经甲醇提取,过固相萃取柱净化,氮气吹干,残留物甲醇溶解后测定。其中雌激素(雌酮、雌三醇、17α-雌二醇)采用负模式;其余性激素为正模式,进行多反应监测(MRM)模式定性定量分析。雌激素检出限(LODs)为1.1~1.2 μg/L,定量限(LOQs)为3.63~3.96 μg/L;其余性激素检出限(LODs)为0.1~0.5 μg/L,定量限(LOQs)为0.33~1.65 μg/L;分别在20.0~500.0 μg/L及2.5~100.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r2>0.994 4)。在50.0~100.0 μg/L的添加水平上,9种性激素的平均回收率在82.7%~98.2%之间,变异系数(CV)为4.2%~11.2%。该法操作简单、灵敏度高,可用于牛奶中9种性激素的测定。
关键词:性激素;牛奶;固相萃取;高效液相色谱-质谱法
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0046-04
 
Solid-phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem
mass spectrometry for the determination of 9 hormones residues in milk
YOU Liangliang1, WEI Wei2, LIU Haiyan1, WANG Xinlu1, ZENG Liping1,
ZHANG Linglin1, NIE Yuanyang1
(1. Technology Center,New Hope Dairy Holdings Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610016,China;
2. Institute of Chemical Industry,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150006,China)
Abstract: A sensitive solid-phase extration/high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was established to determine 9 hormones residues(E1, E3, αE2, NT, MTS, PTS, CMA, MA, MPA) in milk. Milk samples were extracted first and then further purified on a solid-phase extraction column. After that, the purified solution was dried through nitrogen and the residues were dissolved in the mixture of methanol before LC-MS/MS analysis. Negative ion modes were adopted for 3 estrogens(E1, E3, αE2) while positive ion modes for all the other sex hormones. A multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for analysis. For the estrogens, the limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 1.1 μg/L to 1.2 μg/L whereas the limits of quantification (LOQs) were between 3.63 μg/L and 3.96 μg/L. For the other sex hormones, the LODs ranged from 0.1 μg/L to 0.5 μg/L whilst the LOQs were between 0.33 μg/L and 1.65 μg/L. Regression equations of these hormones had a good linear relationship(r2 greater than 0.994 4) within 20.0-500.0 μg/L and 2.5-100.0 μg/L. The average recoveries of 9 hormones were from 82.7% to 98.2% with the coefficients of variation(CV) between 4.2% and 11.2%(n=6) at the spiked levels of 50.0-100.0 μg/L. The method is simple, sensitive and therefore can be used to determine the residues of all the 9 hormones in cow milk. 
Keywords: sex hormone; milk; solid-phase extraction(SPE); high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC/MS)
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.011
 
带ORS的ICP-MS测定沉积物中重金属总量及
形态含量方法的优化
吴俊斌1,2, 廖建波2, 吴超飞2, 韦朝海2,3
(1. 通标标准技术服务有限公司广州分公司,广东 广州510663; 2. 华南理工大学环境与能源学院,广东 广州 510006;
3. 工业聚集区污染控制与生态修复教育部重点实验室,广东 广州 510006)
摘  要:为满足实际环境重金属总量及形态含量快速、准确测试的需要,对BCR形态提取方法及电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测试方法进行优化。以89Y、115In、209Bi作为内标元素抑制分析信号的动态漂移,加入2%异丙醇消除碳元素对As等元素的干扰,通过仪器调谐和配制匹配样品基体的标准曲线减少质谱干扰和基体效应,建立带八级杆反应池(ORS)的ICP-MS测定沉积物中As,Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,Hg 6种重金属总量及形态含量的方法。通过沉积物标准物质和实际酸性矿山废水污染河流沉积物样品测试结果表明,该方法能够快速、准确地测试沉积物中多种重金属的总量和形态含量,且形态提取率高。改进后的方法能有效应用于实际环境分析。
关键词:BCR;电感耦合等离子体质谱仪;八级杆反应池;沉积物;形态含量
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0050-06
 
Optimization of ICP-MS with ORS method for detecting total and form contents
of heavy metal in sediment
WU Junbin1,2, LIAO Jianbo2, WU Chaofei2, WEI Chaohai2,3
(1. Guangzhou Branch of SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510663,China;
2. School of Environment Science and Energy,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;
3. Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher
Education Institutions,South China University of Technlogy,Guangzhou 510006,China)
Abstract: In order to satisfy the need for quick and accurate measurement of the total and form contents of heavy metal in actual environment, BCR extraction method and ICP-MS detection method were optimized. To be specific, 89Y, 115In and 209Bi were taken as internal standard element to suppress the dynamic drift of signals. Then, 2% of iso-propyl alcohol was added to eliminate the interference of carbon on arsenic (As) and other elements. Next, instruments were tuned and the standard curves for matching the sample matrix were prepared to reduce mass spectral interference and matrix effect. After that, a method was established for detecting the total and form contents of 6 kinds of heavy metal (As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Hg) in sediment using ICP-MS with ORS. This method was adopted to test the reference materials of sediment and the river sediment samples contaminated by acid mine wastewater. The results show that this method can be used to quickly and accurately analyze the total and form contents of heavy metal in sediment and with the extraction ratio of form contents is high. Thus, the optimized method can be applied to actual environmental analysis.
Keywords: BCR; ICP-MS; ORS; sediment; form content
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.012
 
碘离子溶液标准物质的研制及不确定度评定
余海洋, 潘  义, 张鹏辉, 张苏敏, 陈  宇, 陈金刚
(中国测试技术研究院,四川 成都 610021)
摘  要:建立碘离子溶液标准物质的制备方法及不确定度评定模型。采用质量-容量法制备特性量值为10 μg/mL的碘离子溶液标准物质,该标准物质以高纯碘化钾为原料,经IC、ICP和ICP-MS 3种方法分析检测扣除其杂质,并且通过干燥减重法扣除其水分含量,精确测定碘化钾的纯度。制备的碘离子溶液标准物质均匀性和稳定性良好,定值结果的相对扩展不确定度为U=2%(k=2),有效期限为12个月,与同类标准样品GSB 04-2834-2011进行比对分析,结果显示,在规定的不确定度范围内量值具有一致性。该碘离子溶液标准物质可用于环境水质、食品安全等领域的安全检测及相应分析方法的确认与评价。
关键词:碘离子;标准物质;特性量值;不确定度
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0056-05
 
Uncertainty evaluation of iodide ion certified reference materials
YU Haiyang, PAN Yi, ZHANG Penghui, ZHANG Sumin, CHEN Yu, CHEN Jin’gang (National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology,Chengdu 610021,China)
Abstract: A method to prepare the certified reference materials (CRM) of iodide ion solution was established. The Weighting-Volumetric method was used to prepare 10.0 μg/mL characteristic value of CRM. High-purity potassium iodide was used as the raw material of the developed CRM and its purity was accurately determined through the ion chromatography(IC), inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The developed CRM is good in homogeneity and stability; the relative expanded uncertainty (U) of certified value is 2% (k=2) and the validity period is 12 months. The test results indicate that compared with the standard samples of iodide ions numbered GSB 04-2834-2011, the characteristic values of the iodide ion solution are identical within a specified range of uncertainty. The iodine ion standard can be used in the field of environmental water quality, food safety and other areas of safety testing and the corresponding analysis methods of recognition and evaluation.
Keywords: iodide ion; reference material; characteristic value; uncertainty
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.013
 
一株石韦内生真菌S-34的鉴定及其代谢物检测与分析
李  姝, 李宁浙, 陈  冲, 齐盼盼, 宋丽菊, 吴道艳, 刘明栋, 汪学阁,赵  建(四川大学生命科学学院资源微生物及生物技术重点实验室,四川 成都 610064)
摘  要:以药用植物有柄石韦叶为材料,采用组织块法与微量稀释法分离并筛选出一株具有抑菌活性的内生真菌S-34。经形态学观察、ITS测序与序列比对鉴定内生真菌S-34为链格孢属(Alternaria sp.)。进一步利用GC-MS对其代谢物进行检测与分析,结果显示:内生真菌S-34发酵液乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌成分主要为氟苯甲酸(20.86%)、苯乙醇(4.89%)、2,3-丁二醇(3.64%),菌体乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌成分主要为苯甲醛(2.27%)、亚麻醇(2.53%)、亚油酸单甘油酯(1.69%)、亚麻酰氯(9.28%)、反式角鲨烯(7.26%)、麦角甾醇(2.78%)。研究表明,有柄石韦内生真菌S-34的代谢物中蕴藏着较为丰富的抑菌活性物质,是开发天然药物的潜在资源。
关键词:有柄石韦;内生真菌;抑菌活性;代谢物;GC-MS
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0061-05
 
Identification of an endophytic fungus S-34 isolated from Pyrrosia petiolosa and 
analysis of its metabolites
LI Shu, LI Ningzhe, CHEN Chong, QI Panpan, SONG Liju, WU Daoyan, LIU Mingdong,
WANG Xuege, ZHAO Jian
(Key Laboratory of Microbiological Resource and Technology,College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,
Chengdu 610064,China)
Abstract: An endophytic fungus S-34 which has antimicrobial activity was isolated from the leaves of the Chinese medicinal plant P. petiolosa through a tissue separating method and a microdilution method. The endophytic fungus S-34 was identified as Alternaria sp. according to the morphologic observation and ITS sequence analysis. Its metabolites were further studied with GC-MS. The findings show that the main antibacterial components of the fermentation liquid of S-34 extracted with ethyl acetate were fluorobenzoic acid (20.86%), phenylethyl alcohol (4.89%), 2, 3-butanediol(3.64%). Besides, the main antibacterial components of the mycelia ethyl acetate extract were benzaldehyde (2.27%), linoleny alcohol (2.53%), 9, 12-octadecadienoicacid (Z, Z)- 2, 3-dihydroxypropyl ester(1.69%), 9, 12-octadecadienoylchloride,(Z, Z)-(9.28%), 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22-tetracosahexaene, 2, 6, 10, 15, 19, 23-hexamethyl-,(all-E)-(7.26%), neoergosterol (2.78%). As indicated in the study above, the endophytic fungus S-34 of P. petiolosa contains plenty of antibacterial substances as potential resources for the development of natural medicines.
Keywords: P. petiolosa; endophytic fungi; antimicrobial activities; metabolite; GC-MS
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.014
 
抗菌金属材料抗菌性能检测方法研究
叶德萍, 周李华, 王  智, 马丽侠, 谭和平
(中国测试技术研究院,四川 成都 610021)
摘  要:为建立检测抗菌金属材料的抗菌性能的方法。分别用ASTM E2149-13a法和ISO 22196——2011法对抗菌金属的抗菌性能和适用性进行比对研究,得出这两种方法都不太适合抗菌金属材料的抗菌性能检测。提出适宜于抗菌金属及其制品的抗菌性能检测方法:采用贴膜法,抗菌金属材料与菌液的作用时间为2 h。经实验证明:该方法重复性好、再现性佳,3种不同抗菌剂处理的金属材料抗菌率,其重复性分别为5.5%、5.6%和2.5%,同种抗菌剂处理的金属材料抗菌率的再现性为5.5%,说明该方法能应用于抗菌金属及相关材料抗菌性能检测。
关键词:抗菌性能;金属;检测方法;抗菌材料
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0066-04
 
Study on detection method of antibacterial properties of antibacterial metallic materials
YE Deping, ZHOU Lihua, WANG Zhi, MA Lixia, TAN Heping
(National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology,Chengdu 610021,China)
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to design a detection method for antibacterial properties of antibacterial metallic materials. The antibacterial properties were detected and the applicability thereof was comparatively studied with both the ASTM E2149-13a and ISO 22196——2011 methods. The outcome suggests that the two methods were unsuitable for testing the antibacterial properties of antibacterial metallic materials. Then, a scientific and reasonable detection method was put forward. First, the antibacterial metallic materials and bacterial liquid were mixed with the sticking membrane method to react for 2 hours. It is proved from the test results that this method is stable and highly reproductive. The repeatability of the antibacterial rates of metallic materials treated by three different kinds of antibacterial agents is 5.5%, 5.6% and 2.5% respectively.The reproducibility of the same kind of antibacterial agent is 5.5%. It suggests that the proposed method can be used to detect the antibacterial properties of antibacterial metal and related materials.
Keywords: antibacterial property; metal; detection method; antibacterial materials
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.015
 
多传感器高准确度便携式温度测量仪
梁嘉琪, 董浩斌, 葛  健
(中国地质大学(武汉)自动化学院,湖北 武汉 430074)
摘  要:为适应不同环境下不同测温范围不同测温准确度的要求,实现高准确度温度测量,设计一种基于多传感器的自动识别测温仪。系统以低功耗处理器MSP430为核心,采用PT1000、DS18B20、Tsic506温度传感器,完成3种传感器的高准确度高分辨率测温与自动识别,并在LCD屏显示当前传感器的温度值。采用四线制PT1000测量方法减少引线误差,采用中值平均滤波减少随机误差和查表法降低非线性误差,实现PT1000的高准确度温度测量。设计高效率低功耗的电源模块,为各模块工作提供可靠的电源,可在2节5号电池下持续工作100 h。实验结果表明,系统的测量范围为-100~500 ℃,PT1000可以完成整个温度的测量,在-100~100 ℃测量准确度为0.1 ℃,准确度高,适用范围广。DS18B20可以完成-55~125 ℃温度的测量,准确度为0.5 ℃,价格低廉。Tsic506可以完成-50~150 ℃的温度测量,准确度为0.1 ℃,准确度高,速度快。用户可以根据不同的需要选择不同的传感器,完成温度的高准确度测量。
关键词:PT1000;DS18B20;Tsic506;查表法;自动识别;低功耗
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0070-05
 
High-precision portable temperature measurement system based on
three kinds of sensors
LIANG Jiaqi, DONG Haobin, GE Jian
(School of Automation,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)
Abstract: In order to adapt to the temperature measurement requirements of different surface depths in different environments and achieve high-precision temperature measurement, an automatic recognition thermo detector on the base of multi-sensor has been designed. In the investigation, basing on the low power CPU MSP430, three temperature sensors——PT1000, DS18B20, Tsic506, was used to achieve the requirements of high-precision temperature measurement and automatic recognition. The active sensor and temperature value can be displayed in LCD screen. To realize the high accuracy measurement of PT1000, PT1000 four-wire measurement method, median-value filter method and look-up table method was used to reduce the lead error, random error and nonlinearity error, respectively. While a high efficiency and low power consumption module was designed to provide a reliable power supply for each module, which can support the system to work for 100 hours continuously with two AA batteries. The results show that the system can measure the temperature from -100 ℃ to 500 ℃. The PT1000 can achieve the measurement of the whole temperature range and the accuracy can reach 0.1 ℃, when the temperature changing from -100 ℃ to 100 ℃ with high precision, wide application scope. DS18B20 and Tsic506 can successfully measure the temperature of -55 ℃ to 125 ℃ with a 0.5 ℃ precision and  -50 ℃ to 150 ℃ with a 0.1 ℃ precision, respectively. The user can implement measurement of  high precision temperature according to different needs by choosing different sensors. 
Keywords: PT1000; DS18B20; Tsic506; look-up table method; automatic identification; low-power
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.016
 
基于TMS320F2812的正交编码脉冲采集实现
周维波, 杨志军
(广东工业大学 广东省计算机集成制造重点实验室,广东 广州 510006)
摘  要:为分析高速高精控制系统中运动物体的定位情况,设计一个基于TMS320F2812的正交编码脉冲的数据采集系统。一方面,在TMS320F2812上编写数据采集程序;另一方面,采用VC++语言设计上位机应用程序。实验证明,上位机应用程序实现数据的图形显示和文本导出等基本功能,并且上位机应用程序显示的图形与其他软件显示的图形一致。该数据采集系统电路简单可靠,适用于能够产生正交编码信号的传感器的数据采集。
关键词:TMS320F2812;数据采集;正交编码脉冲;上位机应用程序
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0075-04
 
Implementation of quadrature encoder pulse acquisition based on TMS320F2812
ZHOU Weibo, YANG Zhijun
(Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer
Integrated Manufacturing System,Guangzhou 510006,China)
Abstract: In order to analyze the localization of moving objects in high-speed and high-precision control systems, a data acquisition system based on TMS320F2812 has been designed to collect quadrature encoder pulses. For one thing, a data acquisition program was written in TMS320F2812; for the other, PC application was designed with VC++ language. The experiment demonstrates that basic functions can be realized through PC application, such as graphical data display and text export. Moreover, the graph shown on the PC application complies with that displayed on other software. The data acquisition system has simple and reliable circuit and is suitable for the data acquisition of sensors that are capable of generating quadrature encoder pulses.
Keywords: TMS320F2812; data acquisition; quadrature encoder pulse; PC application
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.017
 
一种基于图像纹理分析的冷镜式露点仪研制
赵士伟, 杨  健, 程  杰, 王朋朋, 张艳昆, 李  伟
(63863部队26分队,吉林 白城 137001)
摘  要:针对目前冷镜式露点仪不能实现对镜面露和霜的检测和识别的问题,研制基于图像纹理分析技术的冷镜式露点仪。首先,利用高倍CCD快速采集镜面露霜图像,然后将图像进行灰度压缩和正规化的预处理,通过灰度差分比对和纹理特征提取分析等技术,训练构建识别函数和阈值,实现对镜面生成露霜的检测,以及对露点和霜点的自动判别,最后结合双压法标准湿度发生器和人工观测进行试验验证。结果表明,该冷镜式露点仪能够快速准确实现对露霜的检测和识别,可作为实验室湿度标准器使用。
关键词:图像纹理分析;露点;霜点;露霜检测;露霜识别
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0079-05
 
A research of the chilled-mirror dew-point hygrometer based on the technology
of the image texture analysis
ZHAO Shiwei, YANG Jian, CHENG Jie, WANG Pengpeng, ZHANG Yankun, LI Wei
(No.26 Branch of No.63863 Army,Baicheng 137001,China)
Abstract: According to the problem of the Chilled-mirror dew-point hygrometer, which can not realize the detection and identification to the dew and the frost on the mirror, a new Chilled-mirror dew-point hygrometer based on the technology of the image texture analysis and the pattern recognition was designed. First, used the high power CCD to get the dew and frost image, and pretreated the image by the technology of the gray compression and the regularization. The gray differential technology and the texture analysis technology were used to train and build the recognition function and threshold value of the system, and to realize the detection and identification to the dew and the frost on the mirror. Finally, the test verification has been done by the double standard humidity pressure generator and the manual observation. The results showed that the chilled-mirror dew-point hygrometer can detect and identify the dew and the frost rapidly and accurately, and it can apply in the laboratory as the humidity standard instrument.
Keywords: the image texture analysis and pattern recognition technology; dew point; frost point; the recognition of the dew and the frost; the identification between the dew and the frost
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.018
 
高分辨率隧道地震超前预报系统
黎爱琼1, 王春明2
(1. 武汉职业技术学院电子信息工程学院,湖北 武汉 430074; 2. 华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院,湖北 武汉 430074)
摘  要:针对传统超前预报方法存在占用掌子面、探测距离有限等不足,设计一种基于隧道地震超前预报方法的探测系统。该系统通过人工震源和三分量传感器阵列、高准确度24位数模转换器来实现地震反射信号的高准确度采集;通过基于VB的上位机控制程序以实现人机交互和系统控制。现场测试结果表明,该系统的探测结果与实际钻探结果基本一致,验证该系统具有探测距离远、分辨率高、不占用掌子面等突出特点,可在公路和铁路隧道等隐蔽工程建设中应用。
关键词:隧道;超前预报;地震反射信号;数据采集
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0084-05
 
Design of tunnel seismic prediction system with high resolution
LI Aiqiong1, WANG Chunming2
(1. College of Electronic Information Engineering,Wuhan Polytechnic,Wuhan 430074,China;
2. Material & Engineering College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)
Abstract: To overcome the shortages of traditional tunnel prediction methods, a new detection system based on tunnel seismic prediction was designed accordingly. The design principle of the system is to realize high-resolution acquisition of seismic reflective signals with artificial seismic sources, three-component seismic sensors and a high-precision 24-bit analog-to-digital converter. Moreover, human-computer interaction and system control were realized through VB-based PC control procedure. The results of filed test show that the detection results are basically consistent with the actual drilling results, a proof for the characteristics of the system such as long detection distance, high-precision and not occupying the working face. So it can be applied in concealed works of highway tunnels, railway tunnels and other infrastructures.
Keywords: tunnel; prediction; seismic reflected signal; data acquisition
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.019
 
摄像防护结构抗水下爆炸冲击响应试验研究
张姝红, 周庆飞, 金  辉
(91439部队,辽宁 大连 116041)
摘  要:为验证高速摄像机抗冲击防护结构在水下爆炸作用下的稳定性设计和结构强度设计的合理性,在爆炸罐内实施防护结构缩比模型验证试验,利用水下爆炸电测系统测量水中爆炸压力载荷峰值,通过布设在爆炸罐外观测窗口的高速摄像机拍摄防护结构在水中爆炸作用下的运动图像,并对运动图像处理得到防护结构产生的水平位移和垂向位移。试验结果表明:防护结构在水下爆炸冲击波及气泡脉动流场作用下稳定性较好,结构未产生塑性变形,验证结构强度和稳定性设计合理性,满足60 kg TNT当量装药在0.5冲击因子、冲击波峰值压力11.48 MPa作用下的水下爆炸工程研究需要。
关键词:水下爆炸冲击波;结构稳定性和强度;模型试验;高速摄像
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0089-04
 
Experimental study on dynamic behavior of camera protecting structures in
underwater explosion
ZHANG Shuhong, ZHOU Qingfei, JIN Hui
(Unit 91439,Dalian 116041,China)
Abstract: To prove the stability and strength of high-speed camera protecting structures, the following tests were carried out: place a reduced scale model for protecting structure into an explosion tank, measure the peak value of explosive pressure load of underwater explosion with an electrical measurement system, shoot the motion image of the model under the action of underwater explosion by a high-speed camera on the observation window outside the explosion tank, and process the motion image taken to get the horizontal and vertical displacement values of the model. The experimental results indicate that the protecting structure is steady and no plastic deformation is caused by underwater explosion shock waves and bubble impulses. The protecting structure is strong and stable enough to meet the need for underwater engineering research of 60 kg TNT with shock factor of 0.5 and peak pressure 11.48 MPa.
Keywords: underwater explosion shock wave; structural stability and strength; model test; high-speed photography
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.020
 
大数据高速列车车内压力波动仿真控制研究
闫中奎, 陈春俊, 孙  宇
(西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川 成都 610031)
摘  要:为避免高速列车通过隧道时,列车表面的隧道压力波通过车体缝隙以及换气系统等传入车内,影响车内乘客舒适度。该文基于高速列车行驶中海量数据的准周期性以及重复性,建立基于大数据的PD型迭代学习控制系统,通过迭代学习寻求最优换气系统风机工作频率,实时调节风机新风量与废排量来抑制车内压力波动。仿真分析表明:采用基于大数据的PD型迭代学习控制方式使得车内压力波动幅值、最大1 s变化率以及最大3 s变化率呈明显下降趋势,明显优于现有的主动控制(恒定风机频率)方式,能够更加有效地抑制高速列车车内压力波动,提高乘客舒适度。
关键词:高速列车;车内压力波动;PD迭代学习控制;准周期性;变频风机
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0093-05
 
Simulation and control research of air pressure fluctuation in
high-speed train based on big data
YAN Zhongkui, CHEN Chunjun, SUN Yu
(School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)
Abstract: In order to avoid the tunnel pressure wave generated on the train surface transmit into the interior of the train through its body gap and ventilation system so as to influence the comfort of passengers, when the high-speed train passes through the tunnel. A PD iterative learning control system was established based on big data as well as the quasi-periodicity and repeatability of massive data generated in the running process of high-speed trains. The iterative learning method was applied to work out the optimal working frequency of ventilation fans and the fresh air volume of the ventilation fans were adjusted to restrain the pressure fluctuation inside the train in real-time. The simulation results show that the proposed method has significantly reduced the pressure fluctuation amplitude as well as the maximum 1 s change rate and the maximum 3 s change rate. It is superior to existing active control methods (constant ventilation fan frequency) and more efficient in minimizing the air pressure fluctuation and improving the comfort of passengers.
Keywords: high-speed train; pressure fluctuation inside train; PD iterative learning control; quasi-periodicity; frequency conversion fan
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.021
 
基于观测器的过热汽温状态反馈控制
张青月1, 王东风1,2
(1. 华北电力大学河北省发电过程仿真与优化控制工程技术研究中心,河北 保定 071003;
2. 华北电力大学自动化系,河北 保定 071003)
摘  要:针对电厂过热汽温控制系统具有大惯性、大滞后且对象参数随负荷变化较大等特性,提出基于观测器的状态反馈控制方案。通过状态反馈控制改善被控对象的动态特性,并在状态反馈的基础上加入误差的积分反馈,既克服PID对大滞后对象控制效果不理想的缺点,又能够消除稳态偏差。仿真研究表明:过热汽温控制系统采用带有误差积分反馈的观测器-状态反馈控制策略,具有较好的控制品质以及较强的鲁棒性。
关键词:状态观测器;状态反馈;误差积分反馈;过热汽温
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0098-05
 
Research on observer-based state feedback control for superheated steam temperature
ZHANG Qingyue1, WANG Dongfeng1,2
(1. Hebei Engineering Research Center of Simulation & Optimized Control for Power Generation,
North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,China;
2. Department of Automation,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,China)
Abstract: An observer-based state feedback control scheme was proposed to solve the large inertia, large time-delay and parameters varying with the unit load of superheated steam temperature control systems in power stations. The defects of PID that the large-lag object control effect is unsatisfactory has been overcome and the steady-state deviation was eliminated by improving the dynamic characteristics of the controlled object through state feedback control and by adding error integral feedback to state feedback. The simulation results show that the observer-state feedback control scheme with error integral feedback has good control quality and strong robustness.
Keywords: state observer; state feedback; error integral feedback; superheated steam temperature
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.022
 
基于FOA-SVM的超声信号端点检测
李大中, 赵  杰
(华北电力大学自动化系,河北 保定 071003)
摘  要:在超声缺陷识别系统中,端点检测是确保缺陷准确识别的重要环节。为提高在实际探伤过程中端点检测的准确率,提出一种以果蝇算法优化支持向量机的端点检测方法。针对超声检测信号的特点,采用小波包变换提取反映该信号性质的特征向量。鉴于传统方法检出率不高及支持向量机(SVM)参数难确定的问题,利用果蝇算法(FOA)优化SVM的惩罚子和核参数,提高支持向量机建模准确度。试验结果表明:FOA-SVM模型的平均检出率达到97.5%,端点检测效果明显优于传统的双门限法、普通SVM模型和GA-SVM模型。
关键词:端点检测;果蝇算法;支持向量机;小波变换
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0103-04
 
Ultrasonic signal endpoint detection based on FOA optimized SVM
LI Dazhong, ZHAO Jie
(Dept of Automation,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,China)
Abstract: Endpoint detection is an important step to ensure accurate identification in the ultrasonic defect recognition system. In order to improve the accuracy of endpoint detection during actual flaw detection, an endpoint detection method using fruit fly optimization Algorithm (FOA)-support vector machine (SVM) has been proposed. Based on the characteristics of ultrasonic detection signals, wavelet transform was applied to extract the feature vector that reflects the nature of these signals. As the common double-threshold method is low in detection rate and the parameters of the SVM are difficult to determine, the FOA was used to optimize the penalty factor and kernel parameter of the SVM to improve the precision of the SVM. The experimental results show that the average detection rate of FOA-SVM is 97.5%. The endpoint detection effect significantly outperforms that of the traditional double threshold method and common SVM and GA-SVM models.
Keywords: endpoint detection; FOA; SVM; wavelet transform
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.023
 
随机共振液压泵故障特征信号提取
经  哲, 郭  利
(军械工程学院导弹工程系,河北 石家庄 050003)
摘  要:针对强噪声背景下的液压泵故障特征提取问题,提出一种自适应级联单势阱随机共振的特征提取方法。首先验证广义相关系数可作为自适应随机共振优化算法的目标函数,然后采用量子遗传算法优化单势阱随机共振系统的结构参数,再将所得的自适应单势阱随机共振系统进行级联。该方法只需调节每一级随机共振的一个系统结构参数,优化速度快,且采用级联方式能更准确地提取液压泵故障信号的低频成分。数值仿真分析表明:该方法可有效地提取淹没在强噪声背景下的多频信号;实际测试结果证明其能有效地检测液压泵故障信号的特征频率,为液压泵故障预测和诊断奠定基础。
关键词:单势阱随机共振;级联;广义相关系数;量子遗传算法;液压泵故障特征信号
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0107-06
 
Research on feature extraction of hydraulic pump vibration signals
based on stochastic resonance
JING Zhe, GUO Li
(Department of Missile Engineering,Ordnance Engineering College,Shijiazhuang 050003,China)
Abstract: An adaptive cascaded single-potential well stochastic resonance method (ACSPSR) has been proposed to extract hydraulic pump fault characteristics in strong noise backgrounds. This paper first verified that general correlation function could be used as the fitness function of stochastic resonance optimization algorithm and then used quantum genetic algorithm (QGA) to optimize the parameters of single-potential well stochastic resonance (SPSR). The last step was to cascade the SPSR. The proposed method only requires the optimization of a systematic structural parameter at each cascade of stochastic resonance. The speed of optimization is fast and by using the cascaded stochastic resonance, the low-frequency components of hydraulic pump fault signals can be more accurately extracted. Simulation data indicates that the method can effectively extract multi-frequency signals in strong noise backgrounds. Practical test results show that the ACSPSR can effectively detect the characteristic frequency of hydraulic pump fault signals, thus laying a good foundation for pump fault prediction and diagnosis.
Keywords: single-well potential stochastic resonance; cascaded; general correlation function; quantum genetic algorithm; hydraulic pump fault characteristic signal
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.024
 
管壁厚度变化炮筒的无损检测
高  瑜, 张艳花, 杨  录
(中北大学信息与通信工程学院,山西 太原 030051)
摘  要:由于炮筒管壁属于板型构件,且厚度较小,使用传统的横波与纵波无损检测都较困难,而且漏检率和误判率较高。通过对炮筒构件壁的厚度变化以及缺陷特征的分析,提出用单模式兰姆波水浸探伤方法对薄、不等厚壁炮筒进行无损检测,并用5层小波分解与重构的方法对采集到的信号进行去噪。通过Hilbert变换提取出信号包络,然后对信号进行10点滑动平均等一系列信号处理,从而达到对缺陷信号的有效识别。兰姆波的硬件检测与小波分析的信号处理有效融合,使得无损检测的漏检率和误判率有很大的提高。并采用20通道超声检测总控系统,达到3 s/件的检测速率,大大提高检测效率。
关键词:薄壁炮筒;兰姆波;无损检测;信号处理;小波分析
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0113-06
 
Nondestructive testing of gun barrel with wall thickness changes
GAO Yu, ZHANG Yanhua, YANG Lu
(School of Information and Communication Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China)
Abstract: Gun barrel walls belong to plate-type components and are small, so it is difficult to identify the defects and both the miss rate and the misjudgment rate of conventional transverse wave and longitudinal wave nondestructive testing are high. By analyzing the wall thickness changes and defect characteristics of cartridge components, have put forward a single-mode lamb wave water immersion detection method to check the defects of thin-and thick-wall gun barrels and then used five-layer wavelet decomposition and reconstruction to remove the noises of acquired signals at the same time. Signal envelopes have been extracted by the Hilbert transform and then the signal was processed by 10-point moving average and other ways to identify flaw signals. The fusion of the hardware detection of lamb waves with the signal processing of wavelet analysis have greatly reduced the miss rate and the misjudgment rate of nondestructive testing. Moreover, a 20-channel master control system for ultrasonic testing was adopted and the detection rate was up to one gun barrel per three seconds. 
Keywords: thin-walled gun barrel; lamb waves; nondestructive testing; signal processing; wavelet analysis
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.025
 
负载模拟器弹性杆的结构优化与有限元分析
杨瑞峰1,2, 刘志凯1,2, 郭晨霞1,2, 张  鹏1,2
(1. 中北大学仪器与电子学院,山西 太原 030051; 2. 中北大学 仪器科学与动态测试教育部重点实验室,山西 太原 030051)
摘  要:为提高电动负载模拟器中弹性杆的性能,对其进行结构优化与有限元分析。根据扭转强度条件,确定弹性杆的最小直径;根据电动负载模拟器的加载梯度,对弹性杆的长度进行优化设计;以减小弹性杆所受应力为原则,运用零阶优化算法对过渡圆角半径进行优化设计,得到最优解。利用ANSYS软件对弹性杆进行模态和疲劳寿命的有限元分析,仿真结果表明弹性杆的固有频率和疲劳寿命满足电动负载模拟器的使用要求。研究结果对弹性杆在电动负载模拟器中充分发挥作用以及进一步的优化设计具有指导意义。
关键词:电动负载模拟器;弹性杆;结构优化设计;模态分析;疲劳寿命分析
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0119-05
 
Load simulator elastic rod structure optimization and finite element analysis
YANG Ruifeng1,2, LIU Zhikai1,2, GUO Chenxia1,2, ZHANG Peng1,2
(1. School of Instrument and Electronics,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China;
2. Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement,Ministry of Education,
North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China)
Abstract: For elastic rod used in the electric load simulator,in order to improve its performance,its structure was optimized and analyzed in finite element method.According to the torsional strength conditions, the minimum diameter electric rod was determined. The length design of the electric rod was optimized with the load gradient of load simulator. To reduce the stress of the electric rod, the zero-order optimization was used for the optimization and optimal solution was obtained. The ANSYS software was used for finite element analysis of the elastic rod modal and fatigue life analysis.Simulation results show that the natural frequency of the elastic rod and fatigue life meet the electric load simulator requirements.The results of elastic rod in the electric load simulator plays a role and has guiding significance in further optimized design.
Keywords: electric load simulator; elastic rod; optimized structural design; modal analysis; fatigue life analysis
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.026
 
多孔材料有效导热系数的实验和模型研究
付文强1, 高  辉2, 薛征欣2, 关卫军1, 韩  飞1, 王兴东1
(1. 陕西省计量科学研究院,陕西 西安 710065; 2. 西安交通大学 热流科学与工程教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049)
摘  要:为研究多孔材料的传热机理,采用实验测量验证理论模型的方式,利用瞬态热线法测量283~333 K范围内多孔保温材料挤塑式聚苯乙烯(XPS)的有效导热系数,并根据多孔材料各组成部分导热系数、密度以及结构特点,使用5种基本模型包括串联模型、并联模型、Kopelman isotropic模型、Maxwell-Eucken模型以及EMT模型,分别对其有效导热系数进行计算。结果证明:对于XPS,Kopelman iostropic和Maxwell-Eucken模型更具适用性,其计算结果与实验结果最大偏差均小于0.5%,为进一步开展多孔材料的有效导热系数模型和实验研究提供理论依据。
关键词:瞬态热线法;多孔材料;有效导热系数;多孔结构模型
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0124-07
 
Experimental measurement and calculation of thermal conductivity
of porous material
FU Wenqiang1, GAO Hui2, XUE Zhengxin2, GUAN Weijun1, HAN Fei1, WANG Xingdong1
(1. Shaanxi Institute of Metrology Science,Xi’an 710065,China;
2. MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,
Xi’an 710049,China)
Abstract: The effective thermal conductivity of porous insulation materials XPS was measured by transient hot-wire method at the temperature ranging from 283 K to 333K. In particular, the effective thermal conductivity of the XPS was calculated with 5 basic models, viz., Series, Parallel, Kopelman isotropic, Maxwell-Eucken and EMT, according to the thermal conductivity, density and structural characteristics of each component of the material. The experimental results and calculations show that Kopelman isotropic model and the Maxwell-Eucken model are more suitable for the calculation of effective thermal conductivity of porous materials. The bias between calculation and experimental results was less than 0.5%.
Keywords: transient hot-wire; porous insulation material; effective thermal conductivity; porous model
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.027
 
高速铁路用W1型弹条力学性能仿真测试
杨志超1, 朱萍玉1, 杨世峰2, 朱  金2, 朱茂栋2
(1. 广州大学机械与电气工程学院,广东 广州 510006; 2. 广州南方测绘仪器有限公司,广东 广州 510665)
摘  要:针对高速铁路用W1型弹条的力学性能,采用逆向工程及CAE技术,对W1型弹条处于静载荷下的力学性能进行仿真。首先由三坐标测量机获取W1型弹条三维数据,沿弹条路径方向由3点构建与路径方向垂直的截面圆,进而连接系列圆心获得弹条中心线,完成弹条的几何逆向建模;然后运用Ansys Workbench仿真测试多组螺栓预紧力工况下,W1型弹条的力学性能。得到如下结论:仿真测试得到最优螺栓预紧力为14 kN,此时扣压力10.2 kN,符合技术规范。该预紧力产生的最大应力为1 313 MPa,小于弹条的屈服强度1 600 MPa,且盈余量充足,有利于弹条长期稳定服役。但弹条的尾肢中部内侧为高应力集中区域,成为裂纹萌生扩展的敏感部位。
关键词:W1型弹条;逆向工程;力学性能;仿真测试
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0131-04
 
The mechanics performance simulation testing of W1 fastening clip in
high speed railway
The mechanics performance simulation testing of W1 fastening clip in
high speed railway
Abstract: Engineering and CAE simulation technology were employed to test the mechanical properties of W1 fastening clips for rapid transit railway under static loads. First, the three-dimensional data of W1 fastening clips were acquired with a three-coordinate measuring machine. That is, cross-section circles perpendicular to the path direction of the clip were created with three points along the path direction of the clip, and furthermore, the centers of these circles were connected to form center lines so as to finish the geometric reverse modeling of the clips. Second, the mechanical performance of W1 fastening clips under the working condition of multi-group bolt pretension were simulated and tested with Ansys Workbench. Conclusions are drawn below: According to simulation, the optimal bolt pretension is 14 kN while the fastening force is 10.2 kN, matching the technical specification. The maximum stress produced by the bolt pretension is 1 313 MPa, smaller than the yield strength of the clip, which is 1 600 MPa, and there are lots of margins, good for long-term stable working services. But the internal side on the central part of the end of the clip is a high stress area, a sensitive part likely to grow and expand cracks.
Keywords: W1 fastening clip; reverse engineering; mechanics performance; simulation testing
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.028
 
用CFX软件对超声波燃气表气体流道仿真研究
翟义然1,2, 赵  勇2, 胡小川1, 刘  勋2, 刘  义2, 张  彬1
(1. 四川大学电子信息学院,四川 成都 610065; 2. 成都千嘉科技有限公司,四川 成都 610211)
摘  要: 针对超声波燃气表的原参考设计流道和新改进设计流道的气体流动特性,利用流体动力学仿真软件ANSYS中的CFX软件进行仿真计算和分析。获得在9个不同的流量点上两种超声波燃气表的流道内气体流动仿真数据,包括两种流道的整体流道内及超声波测量流道部分斜截面的气体流动速度分布。对仿真结果分析显示,两种流道在性能上基本一致,但新改进流道在大流量和中流量上气体流动速度分布性能比原参考设计流道性能更好;另外,与整体流道内气体流动速度分布相比,气体流动速度在超声波测量斜截面分布相对更均匀和稳定。对采用新改进流道设计制造的超声波燃气表样机进行测试,准确度达到设计要求,且样机的测量误差稳定。
关键词:超声波;气体流速;CFX仿真;燃气表
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0135-05
 
Simulation study of gas flowing channel of ultrasonic gas meter
based on CFX software
ZHAI Yiran1,2, ZHAO Yong2, HU Xiaochuan1, LIU Xun2, LIU Yi2, ZHANG Bin1
(1. College of Electronics and Information Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;
2. Chengdu Qianjia Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610211,China)
Abstract: The gas fluid dynamics of an originally suggested flowing channel and an improved flowing channel were simulated by the CFX software of ANSYS. Gas flowing velocities at 9 typical flow points were calculated and analyzed, including the gas velocity distribution of both the whole flowing channel and the oblique section of ultrasonic measurement. The simulation results indicate that the two channels are almost the same in performance. But the improved channel is better in gas velocity distribution at maximal and middle flowing points. Moreover, the simulation results show that, compared with the gas velocity distribution inside the whole channel, the oblique section where ultrasonic wave passes through is more uniform and stable. The test accuracy of an ultrasonic gas meter, a prototype with the improved flowing channel meets the design requirements and the measuring error is stable.
Keywords: ultrasonic; gas velocity; CFX simulation; gas meter
 
doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.05.029
 
船用柴油机抗冲击试验中测点布设方法研究
高浩鹏1, 宋敬利1, 冯麟涵2, 沈晓乐1
(1. 中国人民解放军91439部队,辽宁 大连 116041; 2. 海军装备研究院,北京100161)
摘  要:为有效评估舰船抗冲击试验中柴油机的冲击环境及其抗冲击性能,该文选取某型柴油机为研究对象,基于计算多体动力学理论,结合有限元方法,对其依次进行多刚体动力学、刚柔混合多体动力学、冲击动力学建模。基于建立的模型,计算得到舰载柴油机遭受水下爆炸冲击时加速度、位移时程曲线及曲轴的应力分布。结合毁伤理论,分析计算结果中不同参数的分布规律,给出柴油机抗冲击测量中不同测量参数的测点位置选取,为实际测量方案的制定奠定基础。整个建模和分析过程不失一般性,可应用于其他舰载机械设备。
关键词:单船舶机械;测点布设;多体动力学;抗冲击;柴油机
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)05-0140-05
 
Method research of the test point arrangement for marine diesel in anti-shock test
GAO Haopeng1, SONG Jingli1, FENG Linhan2, SHEN Xiaole1
(1. Unit 91439 of PLA,Dalian 116041,China;
2. Naval Academy of Armament,Beijing 100161,China)
Abstract: In order to assess the shock environment and impact resistance of diesels in anti-shock test, a diesel was selected as research object in this paper. A series of models including rigid multi-body dynamics, rigid-flexible multi-body dynamics and shock dynamics were established in succession according to the theory of multi-body dynamics and the finite element method. Based on these models, the acceleration curve, displacement curve and stress nephogram of the carrier-borne diesel caused by the impact of underwater explosion were obtained, and the distribution law of different parameters in the calculations was analyzed in line with the damage theory. The location of test points of different measured parameters in diesel anti-shock test was given for selection. The results have laid a certain foundation for the preparation of actual anti-shock schemes. The whole modeling and analysis process did not lose its generality and the method can be applied in other shipboard machinery.
Keywords: marine machinery; test point arrangement; multi-body dynamics; anti-shock; diesel
 
 
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