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doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.001

金属液纯净度的原位、在线、定量监测方法
——LiMCA技术回顾与展望
廖艳飞1,2, 王晓东2, 那贤昭1
(1. 钢铁研究总院先进钢铁流程及材料国家重点实验室,北京 100081; 2. 中国科学院大学材料科学与光电技术学院,北京 100049)
摘  要:原位、在线、定量的金属液纯净度监测技术因其重要的生产实际意义一直是冶金工作者梦寐以求的技术。该文对加拿大麦吉尔大学开发的LiMCA的原理、发展历史、研究手段、技术特点、应用场合进行综合分析,系统阐述国内外对这一技术的研究成果。目前,LiMCA技术已在铝工业以及熔点低于铝的金属液纯净度监测方面获得成功应用,然而,将其应用于钢铁等高温熔体时却遇到一些问题。最后,该文指出LiMCA存在的先天不足(基于接触式的测量原理),提出非(机械)接触式的洛伦兹力微颗粒探测法,有望解决高温金属液纯净度的监测问题。
关键词:LiMCA;金属液纯净度;夹杂物检测;电阻脉冲;电磁场测量
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0001-08

In situ, online and quantitative monitoring of liquid metal cleanliness method
-review and prospect of LiMCA
LIAO Yanfei1,2, WANG Xiaodong2, NA Xianzhao1
(1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Steel Processing and Products,Central Iron and Steel Research
Institute,Beijing 100081,China;
2. College of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Technology,University of Chinese Academy Sciences,
Beijing 100049,China)
Abstract: The in situ, online and quantitative monitoring methods for metal liquid cleanliness have always been coveted by the metallurgists because of their practical significance. In this thesis, the authors have reviewed the operating theory, developing history, research instruments, technical features and industrial applications of the LiMCA(liquid metal cleanliness analyzer) technology developed by the Canadian McGill University and have systematically elaborated the domestic and foreign research findings of this technology gained in the last three decades. At present, the technology has been applied in the aluminum industry, but some critical problems occurred when it was used in iron and steel and other high-temperature melts. In the end, the authors have pointed out that this technology is unfit for high-melting-point melt because of its inherent deficiencies (contact-based measurement principle) and alternatively proposed the Lorentz force particle analyzer (LFPA), a non-contact electromagnetic induction method expected to solve the problems in monitoring the cleanliness of high temperature liquid metals.
Keywords: liquid metal cleanliness analyzer; cleanliness of molten metal; inclusion detection; resistance pulse; electromagnetic field measurement

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.002

汽轮机转子钢常温与600 ℃超高周疲劳行为研究
侯  方1, 李久楷1, 谢少雄2, 刘永杰1, 王清远1,2,张军晖3
(1. 四川大学建筑与环境学院,四川 成都 610065; 2. 四川大学空天科学与工程学院,四川 成都 610065;
3. 上海电气电站设备有限公司上海汽轮机厂,上海 200240)
摘  要:利用自主研发的高温超声疲劳实验系统,开展CrMoW转子钢常温及600 ℃下的超高周疲劳实验。为新型超超临界汽轮机转子提供高温超高周疲劳数据,实验结果表明高温会极大降低转子钢的疲劳强度。S-N曲线在常温及600 ℃下均呈现连续下降型,且600 ℃下S-N曲线在整个疲劳寿命周次内保持一定下降趋势。断口分析发现,常温下疲劳寿命>107周次试件的疲劳裂纹以内部萌生为主,600 ℃下疲劳破坏的内部夹杂萌生方式与表面萌生方式均分布于整个疲劳寿命。夹杂物尺寸分析表明,高温降低疲劳裂纹内部萌生夹杂物的临界尺寸。
关键词:汽轮机转子钢;超高周疲劳;高温;非金属夹杂物
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0009-06

Very high cycle fatigue behavior of rotor steel for the steam turbine
under room temperature and 600 ℃
HOU Fang1, LI Jiukai1, XIE Shaoxiong2, LIU Yongjie1, WANG Qingyuan1,2, ZHANG Junhui3
(1. College of Architecture and Environment,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;
2. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;
3. Shanghai Electric Power Generation Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai Turbine Plant,Shanghai 200240,China)
Abstract: Very high cycle fatigue tests on CrMoW rotor steel at room temperature and 600 ℃ were conducted by using an autonomous development system. Experimental results display that high temperature will largely degrade fatigue performance. The S-N curves at room temperature and 600 ℃ both present continuously descending and keep a certain downtrend in the whole fatigue life namely 1010 cycles. Fractograph of specimens show that the fatigue cracks are primarily generated from inside where the fatigue life is more than 1×107 cycles under room temperature. It is found that the surface initiation mode and the inclusion initiation mode are uniformly distributed in the whole fatigue life. The study on inclusion size reveals that the critical size of the inclusions in inclusion initiation mode is decreased due to high temperature.
Keywords: steam turbine rotor steel; very high cycle fatigue; high temperature; nonmetallic inclusion

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.003

温度循环条件下粉土质砂的物理力学特征研究
郑海君1,2, 李  洋1,2, 蔡国军1,2, 付小敏1,2, 吉  锋1,2
(1. 成都理工大学环境与土木工程学院,四川 成都 610059; 2. 地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,四川 成都 610059)
摘  要:为研究夏季极端高温天气对粉土质砂物理力学性质的影响,以重庆市某边坡土体为研究对象,通过室内试验模拟分析在夏季高温条件下日间暴晒,土温升高;夜间冷却,土温降低的循环过程对粉土质砂的力学特征的影响。试验结果表明:经过多次温度循环作用土样的含水率与密度不断下降;土样内聚力随温度循环次数升高;土样的内摩擦角基本保持稳定,不会随温度循环产生明显变化。当温度循环达到18次以后土样密度下降速度变快,而内聚力达到最大并开始保持稳定。在升温-冷却循环条件下土样抗剪强度增大,这主要是由内聚力增大所导致,因此内聚力是对温度循坏最为敏感的抗剪强度指标。试验结论为进一步研究温度循环对粘性土物理力学特征的影响和极端高温气候条件下的岩土工程设计施工提供重要参考。
关键词:粉土质砂;温度循环;升温-冷却;物理力学特征;抗剪强度
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0015-04

Physical and mechanical characteristics of silty sand under temperature
cycling conditions
ZHENG Haijun1,2, LI Yang1,2, CAI Guojun1,2, FU Xiaomin1,2, JI Feng1,2
(1. College of  Environmental and Civil Engineering,Chengdu University of Technology,
Chengdu 610059,China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection,Chengdu 610059,China)
Abstract: Silty sand was taken from a Slope in Chongqing to study the effect of extreme high temperature in summer on its physical and mechanical properties. According to the indoor simulation test, the soil is warmed up by exposing to the daytime high temperature in summer and the cyclic temperature drop has an effect on the mechanical characteristics of the sand. The test has shown that, after repeated temperature cycling, the moisture and density of the sand were declining, the cohesion was rising with temperature cycles, and the internal friction angle remained stable. When the temperature cycling reached 18 times, the sand density became decreased quickly and the cohesive force reached the maximum and held steady. Under the heating-cooling cycle conditions, the shear strength increased with the cohesion. Thus, the cohesion is most sensitive to the temperature cycling. The results have provided important references to further study of the effect of temperature cycling on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the cohesive sand and the design and construction of rock and soil engineering at
Keywords: silty sand; temperature cycle; heating-cooling; physical and mechanical characteristics; shear strength

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.004

离散化闪变算法误差分析及应用
刘葱茜, 谢  华, 陈  凯
(电子科技大学,四川 成都 611731)
摘  要:对现有的离散化闪变算法进行研究,发现信号采样起始点对闪变检测结果产生影响,导致分析结果误差较大。分析该算法误差的影响因素,提出对原有离散化方法采样点的限定要求,即采样起始点应为基波过零点。分析有效值检波过程产生的误差,以及非基波过零点作为采样起始点产生的误差,在FPGA+DSP的平台上实现离散化闪变算法。测量结果表明:当采样点从基波过零点开始时,电压闪变检测结果符合IEC要求;当采样起始点与基波过零点有相位差时,闪变值计算误差增大并呈现周期性变化,验证限定要求的有效性。
关键词:闪变;电压波动;离散算法;误差分析;过零点采样
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0019-05

Error analysis of flicker discrete algorithm and its application
LIU Congqian, XIE Hua, CHEN Kai
(University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,China)
Abstract: The present discrete algorithm for voltage flicker has been analyzed. The impact of the first signal sampling point on the flicker testing results led to larger detection errors, which was as well confirmed by the results obtained in the experiment. The influencing factors of the algorithm error were analyzed. A definitive requirement on the sampling point of the original discrete method was proposed, i.e., the first sampling point should be at the zero crossing point of the fundamental wave. This algorithm was realized on a FPGA+DSP platform based on the analysis of the errors produced in RMS detection and generated from the first sampling point namely the non-zero crossing sampling point. The measurement results matched with the IEC standard. The calculation error in flicker value increased and changed periodically when there were phase differences between the first sampling point and the zero crossing point, thus verifying the effectiveness of the definitive requirement.
Keywords: flicker; voltage fluctuation; discrete algorithm; error analysis; zero crossing point sampling

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.005

微带六端口网络的工艺健壮性分析
黄振华1,2, 高  杨2,3, 蔡  洵1,4
(1. 西南科技大学信息工程学院,四川 绵阳 621010; 2. 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所,四川 绵阳 621999;
3. 重庆大学 新型微纳器件与系统技术国防重点学科实验室,重庆 400044;
4. 重庆大学 光电技术及系统教育部重点实验室,重庆 400044)
摘  要:为确保微带六端口网络能替代矢量网络分析仪用于体声波传感器的射频输出信号检测,分别从微带金属导线的宽度误差和厚度误差对微带六端口网络工作频段的影响进行分析。采用ADS软件的射频等效电路仿真分析得出:微带金属导线的宽度对六端口网络的工作带宽影响较大,金属导体厚度对工作带宽的影响很小,几乎可以忽略不计;由于体声波传感器的读出电路对工作带宽的要求不高,微带六端口网络用于体声波传感器读出电路有良好的工艺健壮性。
关键词:六端口网络;工艺健壮性;体声波传感器;读出电路;矢量网络分析仪
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0024-04

Process robustness analysis on microstrip six-port network
HUANG Zhenhua1,2, GAO Yang2,3, CAI Xun1,4
(1. School of Information Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,
Mianyang 621010,China;
2. Institute of Electronic Engineering,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621999,China;
3. National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science of Micro/Nano-Device and System Technology,
Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;
4. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education,Chongqing University,
Chongqing 400044,China)
Abstract: To ensure that the microstrip six-port network is substituted for the vector network analyzer in detecting RF output signals from bulk acoustic wave sensors, the authors have analyzed the effect of the width error and the thickness error of a microstrip metal wire on the operating bandwidth of the microstrip six-port network. ADS software was used to analyze the S parameters of the network equivalent circuit. The results show that the width of the microstrip metal wire has a great influence on the operating bandwidth of the network while the influence of the thickness is very small and can almost be neglected. As the read-out circuit of the bulk acoustic wave sensor does not require much of the operating bandwidth, the microstrip six-port network can be used for the read-out circuit of the sensor because of its high process robustness.
Keywords: six-port network; process robustness; bulk acoustic wave sensor; read-out circuit; vector network analyzer

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.006

基于脉冲涡流热成像的金属材料裂纹检测研究
胡德洲, 左宪章, 王建斌, 张玉华
(军械工程学院无人机工程系,河北 石家庄 050003)
摘  要:脉冲涡流热成像无损检测技术可以对金属材料的表面裂纹进行快速准确的检测,通过比较铁磁性的45#钢和非铁磁性的不锈钢感应加热时涡流场和温度场的不同分布规律,发现由于二者趋肤深度相差很大,45#钢试件表面和裂纹底部感应电流密度基本相等,不锈钢裂纹边缘感应电流密度较小、底部角落处感应电流密度较大,感应电流密度分布和裂纹对热扩散的阻碍作用共同决定裂纹附近的温度变化规律。结合实验对结论进行验证,为金属材料裂纹的定量检测提供指导。
关键词:感应加热;热成像;金属材料;涡流场;温度场
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0028-05

Study on the crack detection of metallic materials based on pulsed
eddy current thermography
HU Dezhou, ZUO Xianzhang, WANG Jianbin, ZHANG Yuhua
(Department of UAV Engineering,Ordnance Engineering College,Shijiazhuang 050003,China)
Abstract: The surface cracks of metallic materials can be detected efficiently and accurately by pulsed eddy current thermography, The different distribution patterns of temperature and eddy current fields between magnetic 45# steel and non-magnetic stainless steel are compared in this paper, It shows that, because of significant differences in skin depth, the induced current density is substantially equal on the crack surface and bottom of 45# steel, but it is smaller in the crack edge and larger at the crack bottom of the stainless steel, The temperature variation is determined by the distribution of induced currents and the inhibiting effect of cracks on thermal diffusion, The conclusions have been experimentally verified and have provided a guide for quantitative measurement of metallic material cracks,
Keywords: inductive heating; thermography; metallic material; eddy current field; temperature field

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.007

子弹撞击Hopkinson杆的应力误差分析
朱倩倩1,2, 尤文斌1,2, 范锦彪1,2
(1. 中北大学 电子测试技术国家重点实验室,山西 太原 030051;
2. 中北大学 仪器科学与动态测试教育部重点实验室,山西 太原 030051)
摘  要:针对在Hopkinson杆的中间对称位置放两片应变片测得时间-应力曲线不同的问题,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元分析软件建立子弹撞击小杆的实验模型;通过仿真得到沿着杆轴向不同位置的时间-应力曲线,该曲线的变化趋势和平头弹撞击Hopkinson杆实验数据得到的实测时间-应力曲线变化趋势一致,得出压力变化越快,应变率越大,导致应变快,相应的应力增大快的结论。由于应力波的衰减与弥散,前应变片测得的应力总是大于后应变片。
关键词:Hopkinson杆;ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件;时间-应力曲线;应变率
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0033-03

Stress error analysis of bullet impacting Hopkinson bar
ZHU Qianqian1,2, YOU Wenbin1,2, FAN Jinbiao1,2
(1. National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology,North University of China,
Taiyuan 030051,China;
2. Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement of Ministry of Education,
North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China)
Abstract: Two strain gauges put on the symmetrical position in the middle of a Hopkinson bar were measured to obtain different time-stress curves. As a result, the ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element analysis software was used to build an experimental model for bullets hitting the bar. The time-stress curves in different positions along the stem direction were gained through simulation tests. The variation trend of these curves was consistent with that of the time-stress curves obtained through the experiment of head bullets hitting the Hopkinson bar. In conclusion, the faster the pressure changes, the greater the strain rate and the stress become. The measured stress of the former strain gauge is always larger than that of the latter one due to the attenuation and dispersion of the stress wave.
Keywords: Hopkinson bar; ANSYS/LS-DYNA software; time-stress curve; strain rate

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.008

一种高精度组合式多功能校准仪的设计及验证
曹  敏1, 李  波1, 毕志周1, 李  毅1, 肖元强2
(1. 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司电力研究院南方电网电能计量重点实验室,云南 昆明 650217;
2. 昆明理工大学云南电网公司研究生工作站,云南 昆明 650217)
摘  要:当前各种电学参量校准装置通常为一体化设计,只能对单一参量校准。设计一种高精度组合式的多功能校准仪,将电压比例标准(U/U)、电流比例标准(I/U)以及双通道电压比较器进行独立设计、校准和应用。使用多功能校准仪对U/U各输出档校准,最大误差为3.3×10-6;对多功能校准仪进行不确定度分析,最大不确定度为3.8×10-6。测试结果表明:增加校准仪的应用功能和范围,可以提高校准仪的测量不确定度和校准精度。
关键词:电学参量;校准仪;多功能;自由组合;双通道比较仪
文献标志码:A      文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0036-05

Design of high precision modular multifunction calibrator
CAO Min1, LI Bo1, BI Zhizhou1, LI Yi1, XIAO Yuanqiang2
(1. Key Laboratory of Yunnan Electric Power Research Institute (Group) Co.,Ltd.,Electric Power
Research Institute of China Southern Power Grid Energy Metering,Kunming 650217, China;
2. Graduate Workstation of Kunming University of Science and Technology and Yunnan Power Grid
Corporation,Kunming 650217,China)
Abstract: Various calibration devices for electrical parameters usually are designed integrated, and a calibration device can only calibrate a single parameter. This paper introduced a high precision modular multifunction calibrator. The multifunction calibrator was divided into three parts which included a voltage ratio of the standard (U/U), a current ratio of the standard (I/U) and a dual-channel voltage comparator. They were respectively independent in design, calibration and application. Each output of U/U was calibrated by modular multifunction calibrator, and the maximum error was 3.3×10-6. Uncertainty analysis of modular multifunction calibrator was done, and the largest uncertainty was 3.8×10-6. Test results show that the function and scope of application of calibrator are extended and the uncertainty and calibration accuracy is improved.
Keywords: electric parameter; calibrator; multifunction; free combination; dual channel comparator

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.009

一种抑制直流大电流源纹波的新型方法
曾  博1, 李  刚1, 韩  帅1, 邓志军2, 姚兴茂2
(1. 广西电网公司电力科学研究院,广西 南宁 530023; 2. 长沙天恒测控技术有限公司,湖南 长沙 410100)
摘  要:提出一种抑制直流大电流源纹波的新型方法,采用双铁芯磁平衡式电流传感器,使得电感铁芯直流磁通近似为0。非晶铁芯由于其高磁导率特性可等效为一个大的电感器,而电感器的交流阻抗对直流大电流源的纹波有较大抑制作用,从而提高直流大电流源的精度。此新型方法使用双铁芯叠加体积小,电路简单,对大电流直流电流源纹波的抑制效果明显,为检定直流电能表提供更高精度大电流直流源。实践证明:该新型方法中的抑制模块可将输入纹波抑制比控制在5%左右,与传统抑制纹波方法相比,具有低损耗、低成本、高效率和易控制等特点。
关键词:磁平衡式电流传感器;电感器;交流阻抗;非晶铁芯;纹波抑制
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0041-04

A novel method of ripple rejection for high DC current source
ZENG Bo1, LI Gang1, HAN Shuai1, DENG Zhijun2, YAO Xingmao2
(1. Guangxi Power Grid Electric Power Research Institute,Nanning 530023 China;
2. Changsha Tunkia Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410100,China)
Abstract: A novel method of ripple rejection is proposed in the paper,in which Zero-flux type current senor of double core is applied on maintaining DC magnetic flux approximately 0. Due to its high permeability, amorphous core is equivalent to a large inductor with large ac impedance to suppress ripple, to improve the accuracy of DC current source. The method is not only in small volume of double core stack and simple circuit, but obviously suppress ripple in low level, in purpose to provide a higher accuracy DC source to calibrate electrical energy meters . Finally, it is proved that the level of ripple rejection is controlled around 5% with the module, compared with the traditional method, the new one is in low loss, low cost, high efficiency and easy control etc in the research.
Keywords: zero-flux type current senor; inductance; ac impedance; amorphous iron core; ripple rejection

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.010

彩色钻石的DiamondViewTM图像与光谱学特征研究
严  俊1,2, 陶金波1, 刘晓波3, 章  丹4, 方  飚1, 严雪俊1, 周德坤3
(1. 浙江省质量检测科学研究院,浙江 杭州 310013; 2. 浙江大学材料科学与工程系,浙江 杭州 310027;
3. 北华大学机械学院,吉林 吉林 132021; 4. 浙江至公检测有限公司,浙江 杭州 310009)
摘  要:通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱及钻石观测仪(DiamondViewTM)对天然钻石、经辐照或高温高压处理的天然钻石、高温高压(HTHP)合成钻石进行较系统的光谱及荧光图像对比研究。结果表明:经辐照后的部分钻石可以产生GR1色心缺陷,表现为该类样品的UV-Vis吸收光谱中存在741 nm处吸收峰,但该处因辐照所致的特征吸收线可能因样品经后期高温高压处理而消失。此外,并非所有钻石在经辐照后其红外光谱中都存在1 450 cm-1处的吸收峰位,基于UV-Vis与FTIR光谱结论可见,经同种处理工艺的钻石的光谱学特征也存在特异性;DiamondViewTM钻石观测仪在对彩色钻石荧光发光模式进行检测时发现,除出现典型的荧光结构模式外,部分样品的内部结构条纹与CVD合成钻石的生长沉积线相似,因此针对钻石自然或者人工合成的属性进行定性判断时应辅以FTIR与UV-Vis吸收光谱等方法综合分析。
关键词:彩色钻石;天然钻石;辐照;退火处理;紫外-可见吸收光谱
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0045-06

Study on the DiamondViewTM patterns and spectral characteristics of colored diamonds
YAN Jun1,2, TAO Jinbo1, LIU Xiaobo3, ZHANG Dan4, FANG Biao1, YAN Xuejun1, ZHOU Dekun3
(1. Zhejiang Institute of Quality Inspection Science,Hangzhou 310013,China;
2. Department of Material Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027,China;
3. College of Mechanical Engineering,Beihua University,Jilin 132021,China;
4. Zhejiang Zhigong Testing Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310009,China)
Abstract: A systematic comparative study on natural diamonds, annealed and irradiated natural diamonds, and synthetic diamonds prepared by high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) was carried out by the UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectrum, FTIR spectra and DiamondViewTM. The results show that some of the irradiated diamonds can result in GR1 color center defects, which are represented by 741 nm absorption peaks in the UV-Vis spectra. However, the absorption lines caused by irradiation may disappear because of high temperature and high pressure treatment. Furthermore, not all the diamonds can cause the sharp absorption band of 1 450 cm-1 in the FTIR spectra after irradiation. As seen from the UV-Vis and FTIR spectra, the diamonds treated with the same process are specific as well in spectral characteristics. When the DiamondViewTM was employed to test the fluorescence pattern of the colored diamonds, it was found that, except for the typical fluorescence patterns of natural diamonds, the internal structural fringes of some diamonds were similar with the grown lines displayed by the CVD synthetic diamonds. Therefore, to determine whether the diamonds are natural or not, it is necessary to make further analysis with FTIR and UV-Vis absorption spectra as auxiliary means.
Keywords: colored diamond; natural diamond; irradiation; annealed treated; UV-Vis absorption spectra

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.011

镁碳砖显微结构与成分分析方法的综合研究
张  珂, 吴园园, 董登超, 年季强
(江苏省(沙钢)钢铁研究院,江苏 张家港 215625)
摘  要:为对镁碳砖的物理显微结构及化学含量组分进行系统研究,采用光学显微镜、电子探针及能谱仪、X射线衍射仪等物理设备对微观结构和物相组成进行分析,并利用X射线荧光光谱仪、碳硫分析仪对主要成分进行含量测定,同时利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪和湿法分析进行结果验证。结果表明:镁碳砖的基本结构由块状MgO及间隙中大量C元素组成,部分还含有Al单质颗粒,或少量片状Ca、Si化合物且多分布于MgO边缘。X射线衍射等物理方法方便快捷,检出物相全面,可根据需要选择K值法或全谱拟合法进行半定量分析,更适合对镁碳砖质量的优劣进行初步筛选判断,化学检测手段准确度高,相互配合使用更适合进行成分的准确测定。
关键词:镁碳砖;显微结构;成分分析;综合研究
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0051-05

Comprehensive study on microstructure and composition analysis methods of
magnesia-carbon brick
ZHANG Ke, WU Yuanyuan, DONG Dengchao, NIAN Jiqiang
(Institute of Research of Iron and Steel,Jiangsu Province and Sha-Steel,Co.,Ltd.,
Zhangjiagang 215625,China)
Abstract: To analyze systematically the microstructures and compositions of magnesia-carbon bricks, have examined the microstructures and phase compositions with physical equipments such as optical microscope (OM), electronic probe micro-analyzer (EPMA), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), determined the contents of main components with a X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and a carbon-sulfur analyzer (CS), and verified the conclusions with the ICP-OES and chemical analytical methods. The test results show that the block-shaped MgO and the massive graphite filled in the gap are the essential components of the magnesia-carbon brick, and a number of Al particles or a small amount of flaky Ca, Si compounds are distributed at the edge of MgO. The physical phases are fully detected with the physical methods, which is more suitable for the preliminary judgment of brick quality. The K-value method and the full pattern fitting method are used for semi-quantitative analysis. However, the chemical methods with higher accuracy could cooperate with physical methods to determinate exact chemical composition.
Keywords: magnesia-carbon brick; microstructure; composition analysis; comprehensive study

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.012

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水产品中
甲氧苄啶残留量
孙玉慧1, 李天宝1, 范志超1, 李文斌2
(1. 江门出入境检验检疫局,广东 江门 529000; 2. 北京迪马科技有限公司,北京 100029)
摘  要:建立固相萃取-高效液相色谱法检测水产品中甲氧苄啶残留量的分析方法。试样用15 mL 5%乙酸水-甲醇(70∶30,ν∶ν)、1 mL乙酸铅(200 g/L)、7 mL三氯甲烷混合液提取,提取液经ProElut PXC 固相萃取柱净化,高效液相色谱仪对水产品中甲氧苄啶残留量进行测定。在0.02~0.20 mg/L范围内甲氧苄啶的质量浓度与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 3,方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.02 mg/L,平均回收率为83.4%~87.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.9%~4.9%。该方法适合水产品中甲氧苄啶残留量的日常监测。
关键词:固相萃取;高效液相色谱;水产品;甲氧苄啶
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0056-03

Determination of trimethoprim in aquatic products by SPE-HPLC
SUN Yuhui1, LI Tianbao1, FAN Zhichao1, LI Wenbin2
(1. Jiangmen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,Jiangmen 529000,China;
2. Dikma Technologies Incorporation,Beijing 100029,China)
Abstract: A method for determining the trimethoprim content in aquatic products was developed based on solid-phase extraction(SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Samples were extracted with the mixture of 5% acetic acid-methanol(15 mL, ν∶ν=70∶30), lead acetate(1 mL, 200 g/L) and trichlormethane(7 mL)and then purified with a solid-phase extraction column ProElut PXC. The extract liquid was determined by HPLC. The concentration of the trimethoprim was linear with the peak area in the range of 0.02-0.20 mg/L. The correlation coefficient was 0.999 3, the limit was 0.02 mg/L, the average recovery rate was 83.4%-87.0%, and the relative standard deviation(RSD) was 3.9%-4.9%. The method can be applied to determine the trimethoprim content in aquatic products.
Keywords: SPE; HPLC; aquatic products; trimethoprim

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.013

GC-MS测定小鼠血浆中1,8-桉叶素含量及其
体内药动学参数研究
卢  云, 臧志和, 廖昌军
(成都医学院药学院,四川 成都 610083)
摘  要:采用GC-MS法测定小鼠灌胃1,8-桉叶素后不同时间点血浆中药物浓度,利用药动学软件DAS3.0计算1,8-桉叶素在小鼠体内的药代动力学参数。结果显示:1,8-桉叶素在0.5~8 mg/L范围内,浓度与峰面积比值呈良好的线性关系。血药浓度数据经药动学软件DAS3.0处理后,Cmax为17.46 mg/L,tmax为10 min,t1/2为155.70 min。GC-MS法测定1,8-桉叶素具有快速、准确和灵敏度高的特点,药代动力学参数可为1,8-桉叶素体内抗菌治疗作用研究提供理论依据。
关键词:GC-MS法;药代动力学:含量测定;1,8-桉叶素
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0059-04

Determination of 1,8-cineole in mouse plasma by GC-MS and pharmacokinetic
parameters study in vivo
LU Yun, ZANG Zhihe, LIAO Changjun
(The Chengdu Medical College School of Pharmacy,Chengdu 610083,China)
Abstract: This paper aims to determine the concentration of 1, 8-cineole in mouse plasma at different time-points by GC-MS after a separate gavage with moderate dose of eucalyptus oil and to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters in mouse plasma with pharmacokinetic software DAS3.0. After the study, the ratio of concentration and peak area shows a good linear relationship within the concentration range of 0.5-8 mg/L. After the concentration data was treated with DAS3.0, it reveals that Cmax is 17.46 mg/L, tmax is 10 min, t1/2 is 155.70 min. This method is rapid, accurate and highly sensitive. The pharmacokinetic parameters can be used as theoretical support for in-vivo antibacterial treatment of 1,8-cineole.
Keywords: GC-MS; pharmacokinetic; content determination; 1,8-cineole

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.014

基于光谱法的清脑复神液指纹图谱研究
刘  涛1, 伍利华1, 黄  英2, 李鹏程1, 张文文1, 徐玉玲1
(1. 成都大学,四川 成都 610106; 2. 四川新中方医药科技股份有限公司,四川 广元 628000)
摘  要:为建立清脑复神液的紫外及红外指纹图谱评价方法,采用紫外可见分光光度计和红外光谱仪分别测定20批清脑复神液,建立清脑复神液的对照紫外及红外指纹图谱,并采用相关系数法计算清脑复神液样品指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱的相似度。在紫外指纹图谱中,含量符合规定的样品,其紫外图谱与对照图谱的相似度均在0.995以上,而含量不符合规定的4批样品,则相似度<0.993;红外指纹图谱中,含量符合规定的样品,其红外图谱与对照图谱的相似度均在0.990以上,而含量不符合规定的4批样品,则相似度<0.980。该方法可用于脑复神液的质量评价,其相似度值的大小可作为清脑复神液质量的评价指标。
关键词:清脑复神液;质量评价;紫外指纹图谱;红外指纹图谱
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0063-04

Study on the spectrum fingerprints of Qingnaofushen oral liquid
LIU Tao1, WU Lihua1, HUANG Ying2, LI Pengcheng1, ZHANG Wenwen1, XU Yuling1
(1. Chengdu University,Chengdu 610106,China;
2. Sichuan Xinzhongfang Pharmaceutical Technologies Inc.,Guangyuan 628000,China)
Abstract: To establish the evaluation methodology of Qingnaofushen oral liquid by ultraviolet and infrared fingerprints, the ultraviolet and infrared diagrams for 20 batches of Qingnaofushen oral liquid were measured through an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer and an infrared spectrometer. Then established the ultraviolet and infrared fingerprints by using common pattern and calculated the similarity by using correlation coefficient method. The similarity between the ultraviolet fingerprints and the control fingerprints of qualified samples was above 0.995 whereas that of the four unqualified batches was below 0.993. The similarity between the infrared fingerprints and the control fingerprints of the qualified samples was higher than 0.990 while that of the four unqualified batches was lower than 0.980. It is thus demonstrated that this method can be used to evaluate the quality of Qingnaofushen oral liquid and the similarity can be regarded as an evaluating indicator.
Keywords: Qingnaofushen oral liquid; quality evaluation; ultraviolet fingerprints; infrared fingerprints

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.015

基于虚拟仪器的高准确度同步采集系统
史志辉, 林  君, 周逢道
(吉林大学仪器科学与电气工程学院,吉林 长春 130061)
摘  要:针对工业生产、医疗以及科学研究过程中多路微弱信号检测的需求,采用FPGA并行控制实现16通道的同步采集,使用大动态范围的24位模数转换芯片和低噪声模拟调理电路获得较高的信噪比,USB高速接口的设计解决大量数据实时传输的问题,基于LabVIEW的上位机软件实现多通道数据的同步采集、传输、处理和存储。高精度硬件和虚拟仪器平台的结合,能够快速搭建检测系统,并且方便对仪器进行维护、扩展和升级。
关键词:仪器仪表技术;同步采集;虚拟仪器;通用串行总线
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0067-04

Precision synchronous acquisition system based on virtual instrument
SHI Zhihui, LIN Jun, ZHOU Fengdao
(College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130061,China)
Abstract: FPGA parallel control was used to realize 16-channel synchronous acquisition as per the demand for multi-channel weak signal detection in industrial production and medical and scientific research. A high Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) was obtained through 24-bit analog-digital converter chips with a large dynamic range and low noise processing circuits. Large amounts of data were transmitted in real time through the designed USB high-speed interfaces and the LabVIEW-based PC software was applied for synchronous multi-channel data acquisition, transmission, processing and storage. The high-precision hardware and the virtual instrument platform together have helped build detection systems and facilitated equipment maintenance, expansion and upgrading.
Keywords: instrument technology; synchronous acquisition; virtual instrument; universal serial bus

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.016

一种小型化北斗二代卫星导航系统收发模块的研制
吴  为1, 赖生建1, 邓建华2, 白志刚3, 陶  炜4, 吴凌华5
(1. 电子科技大学物理电子学院,四川 成都 610054; 2. 中国测试技术研究院,四川 成都 610021;
3. 空军驻川西地区军代室,四川 成都 610041; 4. 中国人民解放军驻209所军代室,四川 成都 610041;
5. 海军驻航天科技集团公司第七研究院军事代表工作组,四川 成都 610041)
摘  要:该文主要研制一种基于北斗二代卫星导航系统B3授权频段的小型化射频前端收发模块。该模块采用多层板技术(printed circuit board,PCB),两路接收通道和一路发射通道,通过优化设计,设计小型化的收发模块,模块实际尺寸仅为50 mm×15 mm×7.5 mm。该收发模块在46.52 MHz频率和100 kHz频偏下,测试的相位噪声结果为105 dBc/Hz,收发性能符合指标要求。该射频前端收发模块已应用于某测控系统中,并且此模块也可以广泛应用于车载、移动定位等卫星导航通信与测试中。
关键词:北斗二代;收发模块;相位噪声;小型化
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0071-04

A miniaturized transceiver module designed based on COMPASS II
satellite navigation system
WU Wei1, LAI Shengjian1, DENG Jianhua2, BAI Zhigang3, TAO Wei4, WU Linghua5
(1. School of Physical Electronics,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,
Chenghdu 610054,China;
2. National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology,Chengdu 610021,China;
3. Air Force Military Representative Office in the West of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610041,China;
4. Military Representative Office at the 209th Institute,Chengdu 610041,China;
5. The Military Representatives Office of Navy in No.7 Academy of China Aerospace Science and
Technology Corporation,Chengdu 610041,China)
Abstract: A miniaturized transceiver module for Compass II satellite navigation system was designed on B3 band. This module, developed by the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) technology, comprises two transceiver module receiving channels and one transmitter rational distribution channel and was optimized into the dimension of 50 mm×15 mm×7.5 mm. According to the experiment, the phase noise of the module is 105 dBc/Hz at 46.52 MHz-frequency and 100 kHz-frequency offset. The module has been applied in a measurement and control system, so it can be widely used in the communication and testing of on-board and mobile navigation and positioning systems.
Keywords: COMPASS II satellite; transceiver module; phase noise; miniaturization

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.017

基于ZigBee网络的TD-SCDMA智能天线
信号强度测量系统
穆维新, 施  俊, 申金媛, 刘润杰, 寇丹丽
(郑州大学信息工程学院,河南 郑州 450001)
摘  要:由于智能天线的波束成形技术,传统测量电磁辐射的方法已不适用于TD-SCDMA智能天线。该文设计一种TD-SCDMA智能天线的信号强度测量系统,根据智能天线的特点,应用ZigBee网络同时获取多个测量点的信号强度值。另外,还提供一种测量点的布设方案,并使用该方案进行实际测量。实际测量结果显示:设计的测量系统的测量精度高于传统的测量方法,进而可以更准确地进行电磁环境的测评,具有较强的实用价值。
关键词:TD-SCDMA;智能天线;ZigBee网络;信号强度;测量系统
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0075-04

A signal strength measurement system of TD-SCDMA smart antenna based on ZigBee
MU Weixin, SHI Jun, SHEN Jinyuan, LIU Runjie, KOU Danli
(School of Information Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)
Abstract: Due to beam forming technique of the smart antenna, the traditional method which measure electromagnetic radiation has been unwell for TD-SCDMA smart antennas. A signal strength measurement system of TD-SCDMA smart antennas based on ZigBee is proposed in this paper. The measurement system based on the characteristics of smart antennas and the application of ZigBee network, achieve the signal strength of multiple measurement points rapidly. In addition, the paper also provides a measurement point layout program, and then uses it in field measurements. Compared with the traditional method, the measurement system has higher precision and can be more useful to the electromagnetic environment assessment with a strong practical value.
Keywords: TD-SCDMA; smart antenna; ZigBee; signal strength; measurement system

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.018

伺服控制电子吊秤机械安全检测装置研究
尚贤平1, 费利萍1, 余松青1, 毛晓辉1, 李海根2
(1. 浙江省计量科学研究院,浙江 杭州 310018; 2. 绍兴市肯特机械电子有限公司,浙江 绍兴 312300)
摘  要:电子吊秤机械安全特性主要包含极限载荷和低频动态疲劳两项指标,为解决其检测问题,设计一套专用的检测装置。该装置采用伺服电机直接驱动油泵分别向静态油缸和动态油缸交互供油的方式,动态地调整伺服电机的转矩、转速及旋转方向,通过动、静油缸的压力产生较为稳定的极限载荷和低频动态载荷施加在电子吊秤上。实验结果显示:该试验装置产生的静态极限载荷误差≤±1%、低频动态载荷峰值误差≤±2%,能满足电子吊秤的机械安全性能检测。
关键词:计量学;疲劳试验装置;伺服控制;电子吊秤
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0079-04

Research of electronic hanging scale safety testing device based on
servo control system
SHANG Xianping1, FEI Liping1, YU Songqing1, MAO Xiaohui1, LI Haigen2
(1. Zhejiang Institute of Metrology,Hangzhou 310018,China;
2. Shaoxing Kent Mechanical and Electrical Co.,Ltd.,Shaoxing 312300,China)
Abstract: In order to detect the ultimate loads and low frequency dynamic fatigue loads which are the two major safety indicators for electronic hanging scale, a specially designed electronic hanging scale testing devices was introduced in this paper. Driven by servo motor, hydraulic oil was pumped into static and dynamic cylinder separately which dynamically adjusted the torque, speed and direction of rotation of the servo motor. As such, a more stable limited loads and low dynamic loads was guaranteed by the pressure difference between static and dynamic cylinders. According to the experiment, by using this device, a static ultimate load error less than ±1% and the low frequency dynamic peak error of less than ±2% was obtained. Hence, this device meets the requirements of electronic hanging scale safety test.
Keywords: metrology; fatigue testing equipment; servo control; electronic hanging scale

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.019

油气井下冲击片雷管起爆技术研究
李婷婷1,2, 裴东兴1,2, 崔春生1,2
(1. 中北大学电子测试技术国家重点实验室,山西 太原 030051;
2. 中北大学仪器科学与动态测试教育部重点实验室,山西 太原 030051)
摘  要:针对目前国内油气井下电雷管含敏感药而导致的诸多安全隐患,通过分析冲击片雷管的结构、起爆机理以及实际应用环境,开展专用于油气井下的冲击片雷管起爆技术研究。根据冲击片雷管的起爆要求,对可提供5 000 V直流电的脉冲功率源进行原理分析及结构设计;建立冲击片雷管起爆回路的数学模型,分析影响雷管起爆的两个重要元器件储能电容和开关管的相关参数及特性并对器件的选择提出建议。测试实验表明:该起爆系统能适应油气井下的高温环境,并能达到冲击片雷管的起爆要求,可为今后国内冲击片雷管在民用领域的推广提供技术参考。
关键词:冲击片雷管;油气井;脉冲功率源;建模分析
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0083-05

Research on exploding foil initiator detonating system in oil and gas well
LI Tingting1,2, PEI Dongxing1,2, CUI Chunsheng1,2
(1. National Key Laboratory of Electronic Measurement Technology,North University of China,
Taiyuan 030051,China;
2. Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement,
North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China)
Abstract: The exploding foil detonator initiating technology dedicated to oil and gas wells, such as its structure, initiating mechanism and practical application environments, has been studied to eliminate the hidden dangers caused by the electric detonator with sensitive agents use in domestic oil and gas wells. According to the initiation requirements of the exploding foil initiator, the principle and structure of the pulse power source for 5 000 V direct current has been analyzed and designed. A mathematical model for exploding foil detonator initiating circuit has been established to study the parameters and the features related to the energy storage capacitor and the switch tube of two important components and recommendations have been proposed for device selection. The Experimental results show that this system is adaptable to the underground high temperature environment and can meet the initiation requirement of the exploding foil detonator. The studies can provide a technical reference for promoting home-made exploding foil detonators in civilian areas.
Keywords: exploding foil initiator; oil and gas well; pulse power source; modeling analysis

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.020

基于LabVIEW的GMI效应多参数测量系统
彭  景
(中国地质大学(武汉)自动化学院,湖北 武汉 430074)
摘  要:采用自动平衡电桥法,测量产生巨磁阻抗效应时软磁材料的阻抗和幅角值。利用直流电源、亥姆霍兹线圈、阻抗分析仪等仪器搭建一套巨磁阻抗多参数测量系统,并采用虚拟仪器技术对测量系统进行编程控制。通过对商用Vitrovac6025带材进行测量实验,发现材料在不同频率下均表现出很强的巨磁阻抗效应;并且材料的巨磁阻抗效应随频率的增大先增大再减小,在5 MHz达到最大160%;同时,发现材料的幅角也随磁场变化表现出与阻抗类似的变化规律。实验结果表明该测量系统具有较高的准确性与高效性。
关键词:巨磁阻抗效应;LabVIEW;多参数;自平衡电桥法;幅角值
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0088-04

LabVIEW-based GMI effect multi-parameter measurement system
PENG Jing
(School of Automation,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)
Abstract: Automatic bridge balance was used to measure the impedance and argument of soft magnetic materials when Giant Magneto-Impedance(GMI) effect was generated. A GMI measurement system was formed by DC power supply, Helmholtz coils, an impedance analyzer and other instruments and programmed by virtual instrument technology. According to the tests on commercial ribbons Vitrovac6025, found that the magnetic materials exhibited high GMI effects, which first increased and then decreased with the frequency and reached the maximum (160%) at 5 MHz. The arguments of these materials were seen varying with the magnetic field at the same pace as the impedance. The experimental results have proved the accuracy and efficiency of the system.
Keywords: giant magneto-impedance; LabVIEW; multi-parameter; automatic bridge balance method; argument

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.021

基于SVM的滤光片表面缺陷识别方法
吴俊芳1, 刘桂雄2, 付梦瑶2, 王小辉3
(1. 华南理工大学理学院,广东 广州 510640; 2. 华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,广东 广州 510640;
3. 广州市光机电计算研究院,广东 广州 510663)
摘  要:针对目前滤光片表面缺陷识别普遍采用人工方式,成本高、无法满足实时性等问题,提出一种基于有向无环图支持向量机(DAG-SVM)的滤光片表面缺陷识别方法。该方法结合滤光片常见缺陷的特点,设计出包含3个结构简单、性能优良的二分类器的滤光片表面缺陷识别方法,克服多分类器算法复杂、难以保证分类正确率的问题。实验结果表明:该方法对滤光片的点缺陷、印子缺陷、划痕缺陷及崩缺陷的识别正确率为100%。
关键词:滤光片;表面缺陷;分类识别;支持向量机
文献标志码:A     文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0092-04

Surface defects classification for optical filters based on support vector machine
WU Junfang1, LIU Guixiong2, FU Mengyao2, WANG Xiaohui3
(1. School of Science,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,China;
2. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,South China University of Technology,
Guangzhou 510640,China;
3. Guangzhou Research Institute of Optics-Mechanics-Electricity Technology,Guangzhou 510663,China)
Abstract: As the surface defects of optical filters are commonly identified by artificial manner which is uneconomical and hysteretic, a new surface defects classification methods for optical filter based on directed acyclic graph support vector machine (DAG-SVM) is proposed. The proposed method takes the characters of filter surface defects into account and comprises three two-classifiers which is simple and performs well. It solves such problems as complex algorithm and lower classification accuracy which occur in multi-classifiers. The experimental result indicates that the proposed method can classify the four common types of filters defects, including point, mark, scratch and broken, with the accuracy of 100%.
Keywords: optical filter; surface defects; classification; support vector machine

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.022

核模糊C均值聚类粒度支持向量机方法研究
王建国, 张鑫礼, 张文兴
(内蒙古科技大学机械工程学院,内蒙古 包头 014010)
摘  要:针对传统粒度支持向量机(granular support vector machine,GSVM)在处理大规模数据集时划分方法的随机性严重影响模型训练效能的情况,提出一种基于核模糊C均值聚类的粒度支持向量机(granular support vector machine based on kernel-based fuzzy c-means cluster, GSVM-KFCM)的方法。首先利用核映射将数据映射到高维空间进行聚类划分得到若干个信息粒,然后在每个信息粒中进行支持向量机的训练,提取出关键信息并融合建立最终决策模型。实验结果表明:该方法可以降低大规模数据集的训练时间,同时也能提高算法的准确度。
关键词:支持向量机;模糊C均值聚类;粒度计算;粒度支持向量机;核方法
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0096-04

Granular support vector machine based on kernel-based fuzzy C-means cluster
WANG Jianguo, ZHANG Xinli, ZHANG Wenxing
(School of Mechanical Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,
Baotou 014010,China)
Abstract: The training efficiency of models is often seriously affected by the granulating randomness of traditional granular support vector machines(GSVM) when computing with large-scale data sets. A new GSVM based on Kernel-based Fuzzy C-Means Cluster(GSVM-KFCM) has been proposed to solve this problem. First, GSVM-KFCM was used to map the original data into a high dimension space and then split them into several information granules, each of which was trained with the support vector machine(SVM), and crucial information were extracted and combined to build up a final decision-making model. The experimental results have proved that this new method can reduce the training time of large-scale data sets and can also improve the accuracy to some extent.
Keywords: support vector machine; fuzzy C-means cluster; granular computation; granular support vector machine; kernel-based method

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.023

应用S.L.Peng窄带分解与广义分形的自动机故障诊断
田  园1, 潘宏侠1,2, 陈玉青1, 潘  龙1
(1. 中北大学机械与动力工程学院,山西 太原 030051; 2. 中北大学系统辨识与诊断技术研究所,山西 太原 030051)
摘  要:针对某型高射机枪自动机振动信号低信噪比、干扰多的特点,提出利用S.L.Peng的局部窄带分解理论对信号进行分解和重构,并用支持向量机对故障模式进行识别。通过对自动机故障机理分析,找到易发生故障的位置,并设置3种故障后进行振动信号采集。将信号通过基于局部窄带信号的分解和重构后通过广义维数计算获得各种工况的盒维数、信息维数、关联维数、广义分形维数谱均值,将其供给支持向量机进行故障分类。所得诊断结果准确率达93.75%,具有一定的参考及实用价值。
关键词:自动机;局部窄带分解;广义分形;特征提取;支持向量机
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0100-05

Automaton fault diagnosis based on S.L.Peng local narrow-band
decomposition and generalized fractal theory
TIAN Yuan1, PAN Hongxia1,2, CHEN Yuqing1, PAN Long1
(1. School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051;
2. System Identification and Diagnosis Technology Research Institute,North University of China,
Taiyuan 030051,China)
Abstract: As the vibration signals of a certain type of antiaircraft gun automatons are featured by low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and multi-disturbances, a S.L.Peng-based local narrow-band decomposition method has been proposed to decompose and reconstruct the signals. Particularly, a support vector machine(SVM) has been used to identify the failure mode. First, the failure mechanism of the automaton was analyzed to find the location prone to failures and the vibration signals were collected after three kinds of failures were set. Second, the signals were decomposed and reconstructed by means of local narrow-band signal decomposition. Third, the box dimension, information dimension, correlation dimension, and the mean average of generalized fractal dimension spectrum were obtained and put into the SVM to classify the failure. The accuracy rate of the diagnosis is as high as 93.75%, which proves that this method has some reference and practical value.
Keywords: automaton; local narrow-band decomposition; generalized fractal; feature extraction; SVM

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.024

公交智能启停系统控制研究
张  良, 贝绍轶, 汪  伟, 张兰春, 汪永志
(江苏理工学院汽车与交通工程学院,江苏 常州 213001)
摘  要:为解决公交车节油环保和动力问题,采用智能启停系统来改善公交车的燃油经济性和动力性。通过分析智能启停系统结构和控制方法,在AVL-Cruise软件中对加装智能启停系统前后公交车整车进行建模。通过仿真,分别计算装载智能启停系统前后公交车在ECE、EUDC、NEDC循环工况下的燃油消耗量、NEDC循环工况下的尾气排放量以及车辆动力性,结果显示加装智能启停系统后,公交车在燃油经济性、排放性和动力性方面有显著改善。最后通过实车试验验证智能启停系统的有效性。
关键词:公交车;智能启停系统;AVL-Cruise软件;仿真;实车试验
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0105-06

The control research on intelligent bus start-stop system
ZHANG Liang, BEI Shaoyi, WANG Wei, ZHANG Lanchun, WANG Yongzhi
(School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering,Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou 213001,China)
Abstract: An intelligent start-stop system was adopted to improve the fuel economy and dynamic performance of buses. The structure and control method of the system was analyzed. Models were established by AVL-Cruise software for buses installed with the system and without it. The fuel consumption of these buses was calculated in the ECE, EUDC, and NEDC circulation conditions. The exhaust emission and the dynamic performance were calculated in the NEDC circulation condition. The results show the bus installed with the intelligent start-stop system has been improved in fuel economy, emission performance and dynamic properties. Ultimately, the intelligent start-stop system has been verified by real vehicle tests.
Keywords: bus; intelligent start-stop system; AVL-cruise software; simulation; real vehicle test

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.025

基于钻削声音信号累积功率谱的钻头失效监测
郭  庆, 吴广军, 徐翠锋
(桂林电子科技大学电子工程与自动化学院,广西 桂林 541004)
摘  要:钻头工况的实时自动监测有助于提高钻削加工过程的可靠性。针对钻头磨损在线监测,提出基于钻头工作声音信号累积功率谱的失效监测法。采用驻极体声电转换器采集声音信号,根据钻头磨损的慢变性,提出基于累积功率谱提取能量特征集的方案,并使用BIF特征选择结合Fisher准则筛选最优特征集,解决特征数量较多的问题。最后,利用二分类逻辑回归实现特征集与磨损量之间的数学建模,以h函数值作为失效判断的依据。结果表明:系统在钻头磨损严重并接近失效时,计算失效概率值>0.7,近似等于真实值,能为钻头更换决策提供可靠依据。
关键词:钻头磨损;声音信号;功率谱;BIF;Fisher准则;逻辑回归
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0111-04

Monitoring of failure drill based on cumulative power spectrum of acoustic information
GUO Qing, WU Guangjun, XU Cuifeng
(School of Electronic Engineering and Automation,Guilin University of Electronic Technology,
Guilin 541004,China)
Abstract: Real-time and automatic detection of drill’s working conditions contribute to improve the reliability of drilling process. An approach for online drill wear monitoring was proposed according to the cumulative power spectrum of drill acoustic information. The acoustic information was acquired by an electret microphone. The optimal feature set was screened by BIF feature selection and Fisher criterion to minimize the number of features. Furthermore, a mathematical model for feature set and wear amount was created by binary logistic regression and the function h was used as the criterion for failure determination. The study has indicated that the failure probability is higher than 0.7 and approximately equals to the true value when the drill is worn heavily and almost out of service. This approach mentioned above can provide a reliable basis for drill replacement.
Keywords: drill wear; acoustic signal; power spectrum; BIF; Fisher criterion; logic regression

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.026

粒子滤波算法在静止目标定位时的数学建模
江春冬, 卢  茹, 杜太行
(河北工业大学控制科学与工程学院,天津 300130)
摘  要:粒子滤波算法在目标定位中主要用于目标跟踪,对静止目标定位的应用研究鲜有报道,尤其是针对具体的无线电移动监测车,已知数据只有车的位置坐标和目标示向度情况,数学模型的建立还没有文献可供参考。在熟悉粒子滤波机理的基础上,参考粒子滤波在目标跟踪时建立数学模型的方法,结合无线电移动监测车对静止目标定位的实际需要,建立粒子滤波算法在静止目标定位时的数学模型,模型中融合分类和择优的措施以提高定位精度。最后在LabVIEW平台下对所建立的模型进行仿真实验,结果表明所建立的模型准确可行。
关键词:定位;数学模型;粒子滤波;静止目标
文献标志码:A     文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0115-04

Mathematical modeling for static target location with particle filter
JIANG Chundong, LU Ru, DU Taihang
(School of Control Science and Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300130,China)
Abstract: Particle filter was used mostly in target tracking of position, but there were few reports about static target location especially the radio monitoring vehicles that their known data were only position coordinates of vehicles and azimuths of target. There are no corresponding reference documents to establish mathematical model. Based on particle filtering theory and referencing the method of mathematical modeling aim at target tracking and combined with the actual need of radio monitoring vehicles for static target location, established mathematical model aim at static target. This model combines classification and preferential measure to improve the location accuracy. Finally, the established model is simulated on LabVIEW and the results show that the modeling is accurate and feasible.
Keywords: location; mathematical model; particle filter; static target

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.027

ELM在航空铅酸蓄电池容量检测中的应用
胡  焱, 杨  阳, 谢家雨, 李卫青, 蒋陵平
(中国民用航空飞行学院航空工程学院,四川 广汉 618307)
摘  要:针对传统BP神经网络训练速度慢、参数选择难、易陷入局部极值等缺点,提出基于极限学习机(ELM)的航空铅酸蓄电池容量检测模型。极限学习机是一种新的单隐层前馈神经网络(SLFNs)学习算法,不但可以简化参数选择过程,而且可以提高网络的训练速度。在确定最优参数的基础上,建立ELM的航空铅酸蓄电池容量检测模型。实验结果表明:LM获得较高的分类准确率和较快的训练速度,从而验证ELM用于航空铅酸蓄电池容量检测模型的可行性和有效性。
关键词:极限学习机;航空铅酸蓄电池;容量预测;检测模型
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0119-03

Aviation lead-acid battery capacity detection using extreme learning machine
HU Yan, YANG Yang, XIE Jiayu, LI Weiqing, JIANG Lingping
(Aviation Engineering Institute,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Guanghan 618307,China)
Abstract: Aiming at the traditional BP neural network models are inefficient and prone to fall into local extreme values, the extreme learning machine(ELM) was proposed as an alternative in the detection of aviation lead-acid battery capacities. This new learning algorithm for the studies of single-hidden layer feed forward neural networks(SLFNs) can both simplify the parameter selection process and improve the network training speed. The optimal parameters obtained by this algorithm were used to design a model for detecting aviation lead-acid battery capacities. According to the experimental results, the ELM has made classification more accurate and has quickened network training. Thus, it can be used to test the capacity of aviation lead-acid batteries.
Keywords: extreme learning machine; aviation lead-acid battery; capacity detection; detection model

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.028

环槽流量计的数值模拟与优化
牛志娟, 赵  奇, 杨雪峰
(四川大学化学工程学院,四川 成都 610065)
摘  要:研究流量计内部流场和结构优化,对改善流量计的测量性能和提高测量精度,具有重要的现实意义。将计算流体力学(CFD)仿真试验应用于一种新型差压流量计——环槽流量计,考查不同等效直径比β、前端和尾部长度、等直径段长度以及雷诺数对环槽流量计的流出系数和压力损失的影响。结果表明:随着雷诺数的增加,流出系数逐渐增大并达到稳定值;随着β增大,流出系数先增大后减小;前端及尾部长度对流出系数影响不大,但尾部长度越大,永久压损越小;等直径段长度越小,永久压损越小。根据结果拟合出环槽流量计流出系数的公式,CFD数值模拟作为一种辅助设计和标定手段,有助于指导环槽流量计的现场测试。
关键词:环槽流量计;压力损失;流出系数;数值模拟;测试
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0122-05

Numerical simulation and optimization of ring groove flow meter
NIU Zhijuan, ZHAO Qi, YANG Xuefeng
(College of Chemical Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)
Abstract: Studies on the internal flow field and structural optimization of flow meters is important for improving the measurement precision of flow meters. The simulation test of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was carried out on a new type of differential pressure flow meter or ring groove flow meter. The study is to explore how some key factors have influenced the discharge coefficient and pressure loss of the meter. These key factors include equivalent diameter ratio , fore-and-aft length, equal diameter length and Reynolds number. The experimental results show that the discharge coefficient increases gradually and then reaches a steady value while the Reynolds number keeps increasing. When the equivalent diameter ratio is increasing, the discharge coefficient increases as well at first and then decreases. The fore-and-aft length has little effect on the discharge coefficient. The permanent pressure loss declines as the tail becomes longer and the equal diameter section is shortened. An equation for discharge coefficient was fitted out according to the results above. As a complementary design and certification tool for flow meter, the CFD numerical simulation can help guide the field testing of ring groove flow meters.
Keywords: ring  groove  flow  meter; pressure loss; discharge  coefficient; numerical  simulation;measurement

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.029

高速列车材料测试及轰燃研究
王建帆, 苏燕辰
(西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川 成都 610031)
摘  要:为得到CRH2型高速列车燃烧热释放速率、烟气运动等表征燃烧特性的数据曲线,基于ISO 5660-1——2002和ISO 1716——2002标准对车用主要材料进行燃烧实验,并建立Pyrosim高速列车4号车厢模型进行燃烧仿真,得出不同起火位置、不同通风条件下列车热释放速率曲线、温度、热流量和烟层高度的变化情况,并根据轰燃发生的热释放速率判据判断各个工况是否发生轰燃,分析CRH2型高速列车的防火性能。结果表明:座椅着火会使列车内部发生轰燃现象,轰燃发生之后通风会由于进入的空气对车内燃烧起助燃作用。
关键词:热释放速率;轰燃;高速列车;材料测试
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0127-05

Materials testing and flashover research in high-speed trains
WANG Jianfan, SU Yanchen
(School of Mechanical and Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)
Abstract: In order to get the data curves for combustion characteristics like heat release rate (HRR) and smoke movement of CRH2 high-speed trains, the authors have tested the automotive materials based on the ISO 5660-1——2002 standard and the ISO 1716——2002 standard and  have established a Pyrosim model for the No.4 compartment on a high-speed train accordingly. Through combustion simulation, the authors have obtained the HRR curve, temperature, heat flux and smoke layer height of the train at different ignition locations and under different ventilation conditions. In addition, the authors have used the flashover HRR to determine whether flashover occurred under each working condition and to analyze the fire resistance of the high-speed train CRH2. The study has indicated that the fire on the seat can cause flashover inside the train and will spread quickly if fresh air is let in.
Keywords: heat release rate; flashover; high-speed trains; materials testing

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.030

ARX模型房间逐时冷负荷预测方法
金碧瑶, 李占培, 刘廷章, 张颖婍, 闫  斌, 张修红
(上海大学机电工程与自动化学院 上海市电站自动化技术重点实验室,上海 200072)
摘  要:准确的冷负荷预测能减低空调能耗,对建筑节能意义重大。针对回归方法不能实时反映外部因素突变问题,提出一种实时气象因子和历史负荷为输入变量的自回归模型(ARX模型)的冷负荷预测方法。对辐射的情况进行分类,用最小二乘法辨识模型的参数,并与DeST仿真结果进行比较。实验结果表明:该方法可实现对冷负荷的逐时预测,具有良好的准确性,且简单有效。
关键词:冷负荷预测;建筑节能;ARX模型;辨识
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0132-04

Prediction method for room real-time cooling load based on ARX model
JIN Biyao, LI Zhanpei, LIU Tingzhang, ZHANG Yingqi, YAN Bin, ZHANG Xiuhong
(Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology,School of Mechanical Engineering
and Automation,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200072,China)
Abstract: Accurate cooling load prediction helps to reduce air-conditioning energy consumption, which is essential to building energy saving. To solve the problem that regression method is unavailable in the application to the sudden change of real-time external factors, autoregressive with exogenous (ARX) model is proposed within the input of real time meteorological factor and historical load. Depending on the radiation, the parameter identified by least square method can be compared with that simulated by DeST. The methodology is proved to predict real-time cooling load precisely, it is more simple and effective.
Keywords: cooling load prediction; building energy saving; ARX model; identification

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.031

基于企鹅过冬行为的提高网络寿命算法性能分析
陈中良, 程  磊
(黄淮学院,河南 驻马店 463000)
摘  要:由于传感节点能量供应受限,为延长无线传感网络(wireless sensor networks,WSNs)寿命,提出基于能量消耗率的节点位置对调(energy consumption ratio-based node rotation,ECRNR)方案。ECRNR方案将能量消耗率高的传感节点位置由多个传感节点轮流驻守,即由多个传感节点一起分担任务,避免由单一传感节点独自承担繁重任务而能量过早耗尽。仿真结果表明:提出的ECRNR方案能够有效提高网络寿命,与传统的方案相比,网络寿命得到有效提高。
关键词:网络寿命;能量消耗;移动;无线传感网络
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0136-05

Penguin wintering behavior-based improved network lifetime
algorithm performance
CHEN Zhongliang, CHENG Lei
(Huanghuai University,Zhumadian 463000,China)
Abstract: Limited energy supplies have made the extension of network lifetime one of the technical challenges for wireless sensor networks(WSNs). Therefore, an energy consumption ratio-based node rotation(ECRNR) scheme has been proposed in this paper. The purpose of this scheme is to allocate more sensor nodes at the positions of high energy consumption in turns, that is to say, the relay information is shared by more than one sensor nodes to avoid early energy consumption. Simulation results show that the scheme has prolonged the lifetime of networks a lot compared with traditional schemes.
Keywords: network lifetime; energy consumption; rotation; wireless sensor networks

doi:10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.02.032

硝酸异丙酯对双基推进剂的热分解性能影响研究
陈永康1, 陈明华2, 张  力1, 葛  强2, 王韶光2, 令狐苗苗3
(1. 军械工程学院,河北 石家庄 050003; 2. 军械技术研究所,河北 石家庄 050003;
3. 山西江阳化工有限公司,山西 太原 030041)
摘  要:为研究云爆剂中硝酸异丙酯渗露对双基推进剂的热分解性能影响,采用加速量热仪(ARC)对双基推进剂在加入硝酸异丙酯环境下的热分解情况进行测试,得到其绝热分解的温度、压力时间曲线,利用速率常数法计算出样品的活化能和指前因子等动力学参数。研究发现在加入硝酸异丙酯后,双基推进剂的起始热分解温度升高,表观活化能变大,表明硝酸异丙酯会提高双基推进剂的热稳定性。
关键词:热分解;硝酸异丙酯;表观活化能;双基推进剂;加速量热仪
文献标志码:A       文章编号:1674-5124(2016)02-0141-04

Effect of isopropyl nitrate on thermal decomposition characteristics of
biradical propellant
CHEN Yongkang1, CHEN Minghua2, ZHANG Li1, GE Qiang2, WANG Shaoguang2, LINGHU Miaomiao3
(1. Ordnance Engineering College,Shijiazhuang 050003,China;
2. Ordnance Technology Research Institute,Shijiazhuang 050003,China;
3. Jiangyang Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan 030041,China)
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to study the effect of leaked isopropyl nitrate(IPN) in fuel air explosive leaked on the thermal decomposition characteristics of biradical propellant. First, the thermal decomposition of IPN-added biradical propellant is tested with accelerating rate calorimeter(ARC) to get corresponding temperature-time and pressure-time curves and activation energy and pre-exponential factors as well as other kinetic parameters are obtained through speed constant algorithm. The initial exothermal temperature and the apparent activation energy of the biradical propellant are observed increasing after the IPN is added, suggesting that IPN can make the biradical propellant more stable.
Keywords: thermal decomposition; isopropyl nitrate; activation energy; double-base propellant; accelerating rate calorimeter
 

 
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